The Anti-Trust Case Against Microsoft Essays (2570 words) - AOL

The Anti-Trust Case Against Microsoft Since 1990, a battle has raged in United States courts between the United States government and the Microsoft Corporation out of Redmond, Washington, headed by Bill Gates. What is at stake is money. The federal government maintains that Microsoft's monopolistic practices are harmful to United States citizens, creating higher prices and potentially downgrading software quality, and should therefore be stopped, while Microsoft and its supporters claim that they are not breaking any laws, and are just doing good business. Microsoft's antitrust problems began for them in the early months of 1990(Check 1), when the Federal Trade Commission began investigating them for possible violations of the Sherman and Clayton Antitrust Acts,(Maldoom 1) which are designed to stop the formation of monopolies. The investigation continued on for the next three years without resolve, until Novell, maker of DR-DOS, a competitor of Microsoft's MS-DOS, filed a complaint with the Competition Directorate of the European Commission in June of 1993.(Maldoom 1) Doing this stalled the investigations even more, until finally in August of 1993, (Check 1)the Federal Trade Commission decided to hand the case over to the Department of Justice. The Department of Justice moved quickly, with Anne K. Bingaman, head of the Antitrust Division of the DOJ, leading the way.(Check 1) The case was finally ended on July 15, 1994, with Microsoft signing a consent settlement.(Check 1) The settlement focused on Microsoft's selling practices with computer manufacturers. Up until now, Microsoft would sell MS-DOS and Microsoft's other operating systems to original equipment manufacturers (OEM's) at a 60% discount if that OEM agreed to pay a royalty to Microsoft for every single computer that they sold (Check 2) regardless if it had a Microsoft operating system installed on it or not. After the settlement, Microsoft would be forced to sell their operating systems according to the number of computers shipped with a Microsoft operating system installed, and not for computers that ran other operating systems. (Check 2) Another practice that the Justice Department accused Microsoft of was that Microsoft would specify a minimum number of minimum number of operating systems that the retailer had to buy, thus eliminating any chance for another operating system vendor to get their system installed until the retailer had installed all of the Microsoft operating systems that it had installed.(Maldoom 2) In addition to specifying a minimum number of operating systems that a vendor had to buy, Microsoft also would sign contracts with the vendors for long periods of time such as two or three years. In order for a new operating system to gain popularity, it would have to do so quickly, in order to show potential buyers that it was worth something. With Microsoft signing long term contracts, they eliminated the chance for a new operating system to gain the popularity needed, quickly.(Maldoom 2) Probably the second most controversial issue, besides the per processor agreement, was Microsoft's practice of tying. Tying was a practice in which Microsoft would use their leverage in one market area, such as graphical user interfaces, to gain leverage in another market, such as operating systems, where they may have competition.(Maldoom 2) In the preceding example, Microsoft would use their graphical user interface, Windows, to sell their operating system, DOS, by offering discounts to manufacturers that purchased both MS-DOS and Windows, and threatening to not sell Windows to companies who did not also purchase DOS. In the end, Microsoft decided to suck it up and sign the settlement agreement. In signing the agreement, Microsoft did not actually have to admit to any of the alleged charges, but were able to escape any type of formal punishment such as fines and the like. The settlement that Microsoft agreed to prohibits it, for the next six and a half years from: Charging for its operating system on the basis of computer shipped rather than on copies of MS-DOS shipped; Imposing minimum quantity commitments on manufacturers; Signing contracts for greater than one year; Tying the sale of MS_DOS to the sale of other Microsoft products;(Maldoom 1) Although these penalties look to put an end to all of Microsoft's evil practices, some people think that they are not harsh enough and that Microsoft should have been split up to put a stop to any chance of

s Character

of pastors such as Jonathan Edwards are gone, and most people rationalize away God’s wrath by saying that if God is truly holy, then his mercy will overshadow his justness. R.C. Sproul suggests differently saying, â€Å"If God is holy at all, if God has an ounce of j... 's Character Free Essays on God\'s Character Ever since God’s relationship with man was twisted by the fall of Adam and Eve, people who believe in God have been trying to create an accurate understanding of what He is really like. Countless books and sermons have tried to portray his character, and there is perhaps no topic that is more widely disputed. God is eternal, omnipresent, wise, all-knowing, powerful, holy, good, sovereign, patient, and the list could go on and on. Although God is unchanging, people’s opinions of Him are constantly shifting, sometimes towards deeper understanding and sometimes towards ignorance. In modern times the thin spectrum of modern US culture that recognizes God emphasizes love but forgets holiness, the reformed circle stresses sovereignty but can downplay immanence, and in my personal life I often find myself paying more attention to God’s goodness and patience but not enough to his omniscience and wisdom. In modern North America, especially the United States, the general community has become wrapped up in political correctness and tolerance. It is becoming increasingly difficult to suggest that God would send someone to hell unless they have led a very sinful life. Most would rather avoid stepping on people’s toes by emphasizing God’s Love. Verses such as John 3:16 and 1 John 4:8 which say, â€Å"For God so loved the world†¦Ã¢â‚¬  and â€Å"†¦God is Love.† Are widely known even among non-Christians. It is very true that our God is a God of grace and forgiveness, but one must not forget that He is a holy God as well. God’s holiness and more specifically his justness are forgotten to a frightful degree in today’s day and age. The day in which people heeded the words of pastors such as Jonathan Edwards are gone, and most people rationalize away God’s wrath by saying that if God is truly holy, then his mercy will overshadow his justness. R.C. Sproul suggests differently saying, â€Å"If God is holy at all, if God has an ounce of j...

Womens Suffrage and the Seneca Falls Convention

Womens Suffrage and the Seneca Falls Convention The Seneca Falls Convention was held in Seneca Falls, New York in 1848. Many individuals cite this convention as  the beginning of the womens movement in America. However, the idea for the convention came about at another protest meeting: the 1840 World Anti-Slavery Convention  held in London. At that convention, the female delegates were not allowed to participate in the debates. Lucretia Mott wrote in her diary that even though the convention was titled a World convention, that was mere poetical license. She had accompanied her husband to London, but had to sit behind a partition with other ladies such as Elizabeth Cady Stanton. They took a dim view of their treatment, or rather mistreatment, and the idea of a womens convention was born. The Declaration of Sentiments In the interim between the 1840 World Anti-Slavery Convention and the 1848 Seneca Falls Convention, Elizabeth Cady Stanton composed the Declaration of Sentiments, a document declaring the rights of women modeled on the Declaration of Independence. It is worth noting that upon showing her Declaration to her husband, Mr. Stanton was less than pleased. He stated that if she read the Declaration at the Seneca Falls Convention, he would leave town. The Declaration of Sentiments contained several resolutions including ones that stated a man should not withhold a womans rights, take her property, or refuse to allow her to vote. The 300 participants spent July 19th and 20th arguing, refining and voting on the Declaration. Most of the resolutions received unanimous support. However, the right to vote had many dissenters including one very prominent figure, Lucretia Mott. Reaction to the Convention The convention was treated with scorn from all corners. The press and religious leaders denounced the happenings at Seneca Falls. However, a positive report was printed at the office of The North Star, Frederick Douglass newspaper. As the article in that newspaper stated, [T]here can be no reason in the world for denying to woman the exercise of the elective franchise....   Many leaders of the Womens Movement were also leaders in the Abolitionist Movement and vice-versa. However, the two movements while occurring at approximately the same time were in fact very different. While the abolitionist movement was fighting a tradition of tyranny against the African-American, the womens movement was fighting a tradition of protection. Many men and women felt that each sex had its own place in the world. Women were to be protected from such things as voting and politics. The difference between the two movements is emphasized by the fact that it took women 50 more years to achieve suffrage than it did African-American men.

Paragraph Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Paragraph - Essay Example The partnership is beneficial for Recycline in two basic ways; it gets easy access to raw material and a brand assistance to enter new markets. 2. Hudson has already played a good role in creating certain competitive advantages for his firm. However, as the new trends and changing business environments demand, he can initiate more interactive advertisements. Hudson can also deploy some celebrities for promoting his brand because celebrities are of great market value these days. Other marketing tactics he can initiate involves announcing price reduction, special offers, gifts etc. 3. As the company grows Hudson should heed more attention to marketing strategies. Greater emphasis must be given to making more innovative designs. In the same way, company has to shift its focus from domestic market to international markets too. As part of the business expansion, like any other international firm, personal style of business management must be substituted by more collaborated and integrated way of management. Since current trends give priority to consumer based marketing, Recycline can also rely on market segmentation strategies. In addition, company can launch regional outlets in order to become more interactive and consumer friendly.

Decisions within CA state assembly Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Decisions within CA state assembly - Essay Example This case highlighted many important issues questioning the rights and status of non-immigrants in the US. It also poses a question mark on the visa issuing authorities in the country as Garcia was unable to get permanent residence in the US even after 19 years. The federal statue 8 U.S.C, section 1621, does not allow any benefits to the non-immigrants, such as the issuance of practicing licenses. According to California Statute AB 1024, presented by Governor Jerry Brown, if an applicant for admission in state bar meets all the requirements set by Committee of Bar Examiners of the State Bar, the matter of undocumented immigration should be ignored. Sergio Garcia, the case representative was a Mexican citizen. He was born in 1977 and was brought into California (USA) in the age of 17 months. He started to reside in California till the age of nine when he was brought back to his country. After eight years he came back to California, earn high school education and then professional law education from there. Garcia’s father on his behalf filed an application for permanent residence in the US 1994, since then Garcia has been waiting for having a permanent citizen status and his application accepted. In 2009, after completing degree in law, Garcia submitted his application for admission in State Bar mentioning his application ‘pending’ status. The Committee of Bar Examiners investigated the entire issue and filed a case in Supreme Court highlighting non-migrant status of Garcia. The committee asserted that its proposal for granting admission to Garcia in State Bar is the first attempt noting that the committee is unaware of any law, which allows such permission to a nonimmigrant. The Supreme Court issued an order in response to the submitted case asking the committee for show causing the reasons for granting its motion. The Supreme Court demanded the State Bar Committee to

Decision Making Strategies Essay -- essays research papers

Strategic thinking is an essential leadership skill. Our learning team has learned to consider our current decision-making strategies, and examine our options for choosing the best strategy for any situation be it one-sided, compromise, collaboration and deciding-by-majority rule. As a learning team we will identify any problem someone on the team may have such as being shy, not very talkative and hesitate about having to stand in front of the class while presenting our presentation. Being part of a well functioning learning team identifying the problem(s) and wanting to do something about it is the first step. Analyze all parts of the situation to figure out what is stopping a team member(s) from getting what the team need to solve the problem. As a team make up a list of the varies sol...

Pmr in Hypnosis

PMR When you’re ready make yourself comfortable, take a deep breath and close your eyes. All you can hear is the sound of my voice, any other sounds you hear will start to fade as you listen to the sound of my voice. You will start to feel relaxed. More relaxed than you have been before. This is just for you, there is no one who needs anything from you and you can start to feel at ease with yourself. Feel your body start to relax. Feel the hair on the top of your head start to feel loose and free. Start to feel the muscles around your forehead relax and smoothen. Feel the tiny muscles in your eyebrows relax, move down to your eyelids and let them feel loose and relaxed. If you feel your eyelids twitching, don’t worry try and let them relax as much as you can. Relax your cheeks and feel the tiny muscles in your mouth loosen and relax. Moving down now to your neck, feel those muscles relax, feel the relaxation run down your spin. Feel all the weight being lifted off your shoulders and notice how comfortable and relaxed you feel. Move down now to your Arms, relax the muscles in your arms, your arms feel loose and heavy. Feel the relaxation go slowly through your arms to your hands and right to finger tips. You are now starting to feel more deeply relaxed. Notice how safe and peaceful you feel. Moving down now to your thighs and hips, notice how they feel comfortable and relaxed. Let that relaxation slowly tipple through your muscles down your legs and to the tips of your toes. You are feeling totally relaxed. Enjoy the feeling of being totally relaxed. Now I want you to picture in your mind a special place. A place you can go to when it is safe to do so, that makes you feel happy and relaxed. A place where you feel free as a bird to do what makes you happy. Try picturing the sounds of the sea slowly reaching the shore, all you can hear is the sound of the sea and the singing birds above you. Picture yourself lying on the beach and feel the soft sand running through your fingers, feel the sand in-between your toes now. And notice the warm sea breeze slowly working itself around your body like a blanket. While you listen to the sounds of the sea and feel the sand between your fingers and toes, you see a butterfly that lands on your knee. The butterfly has long colourful wings and you feel happy to be near it. You watch this butterfly for a moment before it flies off into the distance there is no one to bother you right now, you feel totally relaxed, safe and free to be wherever you want to be and do which ever you want to do. I am going to be quite for a moment and let you enjoy your special thoughts†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Now you have found your special place I want you to remember to come here when it is safe to do so and relax. Relax and feel the peacefulness around you. Now I am going to count to five. After the count of five I want to you open your eyes, and when you do you will awaken feeling relaxed. 1. you are starting to become more aware of the chair beneath you 2. The everyday noises around you us are now coming back to you 3. half way there now feeling refreshed and relax 4. Nearly there now and 5. Open your eyes.