Leadership Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Leadership - Research Paper Examplesuring the smooth flow of operations of the organization, among others. In order to achieve sustainable development, companies need to be conscientious of the environment and people they would exploit in the name of business. A healthy balance between attaining resources from the environment and the social and moral compromise it entrust have on the people affected should be struck. It should not come to a point wherein resources are abused without any attempt to replenish it for emerging use. Ways and means are thoroughly considered as to the sustainability of current developments and innovations of the organization. Wastage of time, effort resources and trust gained from s adoptholders should be avoided as often as possible and a divided vision towards the achievement of goals should prevail among the members of the organization. ... They pride themselves of having taught other companies which has sustained its growth with their 20 years of Gl obal leadership in their area of expertise. Just what does it take for companies to achieve sustainable development? In motivating a reluctant CEO of leading his organization towards sustainable development, I could refer him to the article of Costanza (1999) wherein the compose painted four visions of possible futures of society. Showing the reluctant CEO the Mad Max version of a bleak and dreary future of consistent impairment due to neglect and irresponsible decisions and actions of people could push him towards positive action. Unto his hands rest the future of the organization and the corresponding quality of life it will get under ones skin to his team and their stakeholders. Thus, he needs to get his act together, as he is burdened with a smashing responsibility. Costanza (1999) talks about technological optimism and technological scepticism. peck should be hopeful of the innovations brought about by technology and progress. One could not argue how the invention of compu ters and the internet has pushed man to the new millennium armed with great knowledge derived from such tools. Information and computer technology (ICT) has improved the way people do business, because it has made it possible to seal business transactions more conveniently and at a quicker pace. At the same time, people should be wary about the neglect of human resources and depletion of natural resources that technological innovations fanny cause. Such developments of technological innovations greatly depend on natural resources such as energy and by-products of nature for materials. It has been known that the abuse of the environment has caused humankind much devastation in

The Concept of Grace Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Concept of Grace - Essay ExampleThe accused would defend them as being an orphan, was defending them, and would be granted the grace. Grace may also occur in a situation where one is given time to nonetheless off a dept. Many al slipway referred to it as the grace stop. If a friend owes some money, he may give each early(a) grace period to get the money. This grace could be given because the debtor was in little problem and could not pay up on time. It is difficult to find other organisations such as banks giving grace period. This is because they have their fixed times set out for payment of loans.According to religion, God gave his only son, who was without sin, to come and interrupt for the sins of humans. This shows how much God loved the human race. He did not want us to perish in sin (Gesenius & Samuel, 2003). One of the most appropriate ways to express grace is by forgiving someone who has behaved inappropriately. This may or may not be a relative. When parents indulge their children and continue to pay instruct fees for them, it is a measure of grace.Another appropriate way to show grace is when one does well to someone who always maligns him or her. In this way, the person doing the discourtesy does not deserve to be treated rightly, but they are favoured. This is a show of the unmerited favour. People always say we are living by the grace of God. This shows that humans have not given God anything in the form of payment to allow them to live. God just allow them to live even if they continue sinning.Persons are prone to taking advantage of others kindness. The above named examples could be ways of inappropriate ways to show grace, if one is your friend and they keep doing wrong things because they know that they would not be held accountable. In such a situation, it is wrong to show grace. This is because they are taking advantage of other peoples kindness.Giving people a long grace period to pay up their debts is inappropriate. This is beca use they tend to think that everyone is lenient as you are. This

Dante's Inferno Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Dantes Inferno - Essay ExampleIn his journey, he met leash animals leopard, lion and wolf. At a glance, it just seemed that these animals were plain predators that would cause harm to the narrator. However, these animals are symbols of the forms of sin. The leopard symbolizes sins of self-indulgence or lust. This form of sin is the easiest to commit. Naturally, humans seek pleasure, riotous and sometimes greedy which are often sins of youth. The sin of bestial violence is represented by the lion. These are sins of adulthood, one of which is pride. The wolf represents malicious sins or the sins of eon (Davis 2006).The poem illustrated the different levels of hell which corresponds to a particular sin. Beginning in Canto IV, the first circle is the Limbo where sighs were mostly heard is described as peaceful, even so sad. The souls in this were those people who are good but were non baptized. In the Catholic religion, one has yet to be baptized for the original sin (sin of ecsta sy and Eve) to be forgiven. I am truly torn about this particular punishment because I also believe that if one is not baptized, one is not a part of the Christian world. In this case, since God has three entities the Father, the Son and the Holy Ghost- God is Christ and if you are not a Christian, there is no place for you in heaven or in paradise. On the other hand, logic tells me that there are non-Christians who are more deserving than Christians, and in this locating it is not fair. The second circle is where the lustful are tortured but the punishment is still considered as mild because lust is closely associated with love and hence is viewed with compassion. The third circle of hell was smaller, filled with cold and heavy with dirty rain. This circle is surrounded by new suffering with souls unhappily lain in the filthy mud, tormented by the three-headed doglike demon Cerberus. These were the

How cell phones changed todays society Essay Example for Free

How cell thinks changed directlys society EssayHow cellphones effect people fooling lives today? Cellphones play a bid role in todays society as many would concur. From when someone wakes up in the morning they instantly checks their profile, messages, or missed calls. Cellphones make it easier to communicate with each another(prenominal) even if thithers a lot of distance between them. They make it to where if someone in Georgia want to talk to someone in New York anytime, then they could without haven to drive or fly to the other destination to. In order to keep the cellphones in business and effective they made different companies, that advertise, sale, keep in order, and produce the product.So to keep the business around each company tries to make the best deals for single and family purposes. They also nominate more signal towers all around the world to produce more signal than another company, to promise better service. They advertise the company on TV by commercials, on the internet with web site, on the streets with flyer or poster. They also advertise by saying they got the best by comparing there produce or services to others.Other ways like most of todays phone are high quality with best games, internet, music, and communication. So when someone gets bored the first thing they do is pick up a phone. Most of some peoples day is spent on a cellphone. batch now a days are on their phones extremely too much, missing the beauty of life. Not going out doing things workforce on, they rather be sucked into cyber life or social media. Researchers found the radiofrequency field generated by your cell phone causes brain tissue to heat up. This proves your brain is engrossing radiation from your cell, study author David Gultekin, Ph.D., a researcher at the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center in New York, tells MensHealth.com. Ten studies connect cell phone radiationto diminished sperm count and sperm damage. Others raise health concerns such as al tered brain metabolism, sleep disturbance and behavioral changes in children. Thats why I did research and found a case that can reduce radiation exposure.One of the greatest disadvantages of the cellular phone is the fact that we do not talk to strangers when traveling anymore. In the past, several people waiting for a bus would engage in a conversation while they were waiting. People who traveled the same routes every day might develop friendships along the way. This situation does not happen anymore. Today when people are waiting for a bus, they just pull out their cell phones and speak with old friends, missing out on the opportunity to make new ones. In large cities, many people do not know their neighbors, even though they may have lived in the same neighborhood for years.As a society, we are solution to lose the face-to-face contact that was such an important part of our lives in the past. Cell phones are a great asset in aiding in our everyday lives. You should remember, ho wever, to hang up every once in a while and pay attention to the world around you.

Doping in Sport Essay Example for Free

Doping in Sport EssayEnglish Group discussion on Doping in sport. 22nd As we may both k without delay doping can and has been a problem in some specific sports, cycling being the main scapegoat of course because of the Lance Armstrong scandal. However does that meanspirited doping Is not involved with any other sports. Absolutely not, what many people believe is that cycling is a dirty sport because so many drugs and supplements ar involved, however they do not realise some of the sports they love are heavily armed with many different cases. Cycling In fact Is now the cleanest sport n the industry because they dont let anything slip past. After seeing a documentary on Mark Cavendishs wins in the bit de France and the first brit to become world champion In ages, he actually said that the doping chaperones wouldnt leave him alone and had to pester him until he took his drug test. What I am hard to get at is that people are being extremely close minded in terms of believing t hat their own favourite sport is clean.What do you think about banning athletes? Banning athletes is a very hot topic in the media whether or not it should happen, in y opinion the athletes that let in and have taken these substances. For example Alberto Contador the Spanish cyclists who allegedly won the tour de France two years in a row, did this whilst taking a substance cognise as EPO.When he later got found out he was banned but not for life to the present day he quieten competes in the tour de France with no hassle, As well as still being able to compete he Is known as the two time tour winner still even though he doped. I dont think this is very fair in reality as why should he still be allowed that title when he cheated for it.

Substance abuse Essay Example for Free

Substance pervert EssayIt is quite clear that warm watchedness ab employ almost always occurs within the context of different problems. Common presenting problems that are related to substance maltreatment are marital and family conflict, child abuse, unemployment, financial problems, multiple medical problems, depression, suicide, and problems with aggression and violence. In assessing the role of substance abuse within the context of other problems, we also need to understand the dynamics of other behavioral problems and how they may be exacerbated by substance abuse.It is estimated that most domestic violence occurs during periods when one or both parties are ab using some substance and that as many as two-thirds of homicides and serious assaults involve alcohol. Criminal behavior such as child abuse or sexual molestation may be committed when the perpetrator is under the influence of a drug or alcohol. In one study, Chasnoff (1988) found that 64 percent of all child abu se cases in New York City involved a perpetrator who was under the influence of drugs and/or alcohol.Although researchers disagree about the exact nature of the relationship in the midst of substance abuse and violence, there is clearly a strong correlation between the two. Substance abuse does not only cause social problems, just it canister also cause health problems too. For example, according to the American Health Association guidelines, cocain use can cause a number of shopping mall attack symptoms, such as chest pain, shortness of breath, anxiety, palpitations, dizziness, nausea and heavy sweating (Stengle, 18 March 2008).Physicians must remain aware that cocaine use can cause heart attack symptoms in younger patients with no heart disease risk factors, the guidelines said. Cocaine use can cause heart attacks, but only about 1% to 6% of those who use cocaine and experience chest pain have heart attacks. The guidelines warn that two greenness heart attack treatments bl ood thinners and beta blockers can cause injuries or death in those who use cocaine.Blood thinners can increase risk for shed blood into the brain for patients with elevated blood pressure caused by cocaine use, and beta blockers can increase blood pressure and restrict arteries in those who use cocaine (Stengle, 18 March 2008). We all know that alcohol abuse can lead to alcohol-related deaths from cancer, cirrhosis of the liver, pancreatitis, motor-vehicle crashes, falls, drowning, suicide, and homicide.Alcohol affects nearly every system in the body, and contributes to a range of medical problems, including altered immune system functioning, bone disease, hypertension, stroke, cardiovascular disease, reduced cognitive functioning, fetal abnormalities, traumatic injury, depression, gastrointestinal disorders, and cancers of the neck, head, stomach, pancreas, colon, breast, and prostate (Werch, 2002). Behaviorally, substance abuse can be considered any use of a psychoactive substa nce that causes damage to the individual or society or both.Becoming dependent on any substance is a process that occurs over differing periods of time for different individuals and varies with the use of different substances. A dependence on alcohol may analyze several decades to develop while an addiction to cocaine, especially crack cocaine, may occur almost immediately. There are, however, certain phases that individuals are likely to pass finished as their dependence on a substance increases. An old proverb regarding alcoholism outlines the progression of addiction The person takes a drunkenness, the drink takes a drink, and the drink takes the person. The journey from hold inled use to being controlled by their use is the nature of addiction. No one begins using alcohol or other drugs with the goal of becoming addicted. With these convoluted data about the ills of substance abuse, we should all know by now that we have to match this problem that eating away our society. I also experient substance abuse first hand because I have people close to me who had been affected by substance abuse. My cousin has drug problem as he is hooked with marijuana, while my uncle and aunty are alcoholics.I witnessed that how they engaged in prolonged, continuous substance abuse and saw how they were unable to function without using his drug of choice on some regular basis. They somehow neglect their daily needs to the point of not eating or caring for themselves. Attempts to control their usage are abandoned as the periods of intoxication and recovery encompass most of their time. My uncle allowed himself to undergo detoxification at a rehabilitation center but my aunt has developed cirrhosis because of her alcoholism. Ultimately, we need to join hands in informing everyone about substance abuse.Common misinformation about substance abuse may purloin the focus of the problem to other factors that are then presented as the primary problem. It should start with the f amily of the abuser who should support their loved one in this matter. Starting from family, communities can then undertake several strategies to stop substance abuse because there is no single solution that can surely alleviate substance abuse-related molest to individuals and populations. The comprehensive approach should use a wide range of strategies that address the multiple causes and dimensions.These strategies should include raisingal approachessuch as public health education and awareness programs, including school and community-based prevention programs environmental approachessuch as controls on the price and availability of alcohol and drugs, minimum age for purchase of alcohol, legislative measures to curb driving under the influence of alcohol, and restrictions on the promotion, marketing, and advertising of drugs alcohol and health care effortssuch as primary health care screening, advice by health care providers, preventive services, and effective treatment using p sychological and pharmacological approaches.References Mackesy-Amiti, M. E. and Fendrich, M. (1995, November). Delinquent Behavior and Inhalant Use Among High School Students. Paper presented at the American Society of Criminology meeting, Boston. NIH Arrestee Drug Abuse Monitoring Program. (2003). Preliminary Data on Drug Use Related Matters Among Adult Arrestees and Juvenile Detainees, 2002, Washington, DC field Institute of Justice. Steingle, J. (20008, March 18). Cocaine May Cause Heart Attack Symptoms. Newsday.Retrieved March 22, 2008, from http//www. newsday. com/news/nationworld/wire/sns-ap-cocaine-heart,0,6680577. story. Substance Abuse and Mental Health run Administration (SAMHSA). (2006). National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) 2006. Office of Applied Studies. Retrieved March 22, 2008, from http//www. oas. samhsa. gov/nsduh/2k6nsduh/2k6Results. cfm1. 1. Werch, C. E. (2002). Alcohol Use and Abuse. In Breslow, L (Ed. ), encyclopaedia of Public Health vol. 1, New Y ork Macmillan Reference USA.

News Is Nothing More Than A Strategic Ritual Media Essay

News Is Nothing more Than A Strategic rite Media EssayFrom my opinion, to be objective, it is to illustrate both sides of a peculiar(a) prefigure of view without being subjective. This means that what is being presented should be entertain free. The diarist illustrates the whole truth or so an event without including his or her own opinion in a subjective manner. in that respect has been an on red ink discourse just about objectivity. objectivity in the intelligence agency being nonhing more than a strategical religious rite. Firstly, objectivity back be hard to define as illustrated by Schudson objectivity might be a professional idea, but it is one that seemed to disintegrate as soon as it was formulated. It became an ideal in journalism, after all, precisely when the impossibility of overcoming the subjectivities of presenting the tidings was widely accepted. Criticism of the myth of objectivity has been a contrapuntal accompaniment to the enunciation of objectivit y as an ideal from the beginning (Schudson, 1990 269). To a sociologist, the develop Objectivity is fraught with meaning. It invokes philosophy, notions of science, and ideas of professionalism. It conjures up the ghost of Durkheim and Weber, recalling disputes in scholarly journals concerning the nature of social items and the termination value free (Tuchman 1972 660). This therefore suggests that the term objectivity is burden with different meaning, hence very difficult to define as any definition of such word fucking easily be obsolete. However Schudson on the other hand argues that A commitment to objectivity in journalism can be outlined as meaning that a persons statement about the world can be trusted if they ar submitted to established rules deemed legitimate by a professional community (Schudson 1978 294 cited in Harcup 2009 82) According to Bennet, there are dry lands to be dissatisfied with the countersign these days. Yet, news remains the primary source of in formation about society, politics, and government. These problems could be give tongue to to be think to the term objectivity. In the backbone that so many factors affect the news, olibanum the news cannot be seen as the whole truth, as it could be argued that it is fragmented. Furthermore the worldly concerns perception about society and all other events are distorted. In relating it back to the question, it can be argued that objectivity in the news is not a strategic rite because there are factors beyond the newsmans power that cannot be controlled, as other individuals are baffling in the production of the news, such as the gate shop steward who decides what news is and is not presented. Thus the news is subjective. Perhaps the around unsettling thought of all is that the electronic media, the principal source of political information for many if not many American citizens (Robinson and Levy 1985), might be warped in the presentation of public affair (Kuklinsk 1992 810 ). This can be said to be related to objectivity because there is always the question about selection of news. How diary keeper select news would determine whether the news they produce would allow bias included, thus the selection of news would be considered in further paragraphs. Bearing in mind that they previously hold a certain view about a topic. This would then create bias in the news report. News is the only source in which individuals find out events happening in society. However homogeneous it was previously reiterated, the news is always biased, one way or the other, thus the public is not fully aware of what is going on around them. More than one public official has made this very claim.when every president- liberal or conservative, democrat or republican-has complained bitterly about the inaccurate and unfair demo the networks were presenting(Kuklinsk 1992 811)Reagans secretary of state, George Shult, was heard to protest that it seems as though the reporters are ag ainst us. Theyre always seeking to report something thats going to screw things up (quoted by Karp 1985, 63). With this, it can be illustrated that the newsmen may actually do it on purpose, so that they could attract increasing audiences. This could be said to be objectivity in the news to be a strategic rite, in the scent out that diary keeper would go any length just to entertain the public at the expense of politicians profile. Thus communicateting increase audience because relating it to news values, the public would like to hear more on bad news and unexpectedness. The more the news is unexpected, the more it would attract increased audiences. There are two questions which confront us when we deal with the problems of how news is selected from the multitude of events which occur in the world. The first is what is selected?the second is that of objectivity namely, how accurately does such a selection reflect the real world? (Cohen and Young 1973 17). The idea that diarist countenance the choice to select the news they want to report on, it means that they are already being subjective about the particular topic they want to report on. Thus, objectivity in the news could be said to be a strategic rite. This could be so, because they might already hold a particular billet on the topic. Hence would unavoidably be able to neglect their point of view in reporting the news, so the news becomes biased in the sense that they are selling their opinion to the public about a particular topic. Consequently, they give biased news to the public therefore the public gets a distorted view about what the journalist is writing about. According to Gaye Tuchman, objectivity can be seen as a strategic rite that journalist use as a defence mechanism. She identified four routine procedures that allow journalist claim objectivity for their work the presentation of conflicting possibilities, the presentation of supporting evidence, the judicious use of quotation marks, th e structuring of information in an appropriate sequence (Tuchman, 299-301 cited in Harcup 2009) The word objectivity can be affected by several factors of only some would be discussed, which in turn affects the report in which the journalist produces. This can be illustrated by Tuchman 1972, who explained that there are three types of factors which turn the newsmans notion of objectivity form, inter organization relationships, and content. By form, I mean those attributes of news stories and newspapers which exemplify news procedures such as the use of quotation marks(Tuchman 1972 661) This is to show that by using such quotation marks, it would mark the objectivity of the event. Individuals who must have witnessed whatever event would be able to give a full account about what happened. Thus, the journalists report would be objective and free from bias thus exemplifying him from problems if he produced inaccurate news. By content I mean notions of social reality which the news pap er man takes for granted. Content is in addition related to the newsmans organisational relationships, for his experiences with these organisations lead him to take for granted certain things about them (Tuchman 1972 661). Everett Hughes (1964) cited in Tuchman 1972 661 suggests that procedures that arrange this purposes may be seen as ritualsinasmuch as newspapermen invoke ritualistic procedures in order to deflect potential criticism and to follow routines bounded by the cognitive limits of rationality, they are also performance strategies (March and Simon 1967, pp.137, 142)Objectivity as strategic ritual may be used by professionals to defend themselves from critical onslaught. Overall, these factors/ procedures help protect the journalist and the organisations integrity in the sense that they would not get accused of producing inaccurate news and they would not get sued unnecessarily. All these factors explained by Tuchman, it can be argued that objectivity in the news is a s trategic ritual in the fact that, they are try oning to protect their back and save the organisations reputation. It can be argued that objectivity in the news is a strategic ritual because it can be said that the newspaper and writers are trying to get an increase audience. With them publishing the news, it would actually help increase their organisational revenue in the sense that they would experience high circulation. Also with the increased audience, it means that they would be at the top of the competition list, therefore giving them the competitive edge against other news providers. Thus giving them a unique selling point, which means they would be able to differentiate themselves from other news organisations. as a result jump out. This could be illustrated further, according to Young the market model then maintains that the responsible journalist selects these events which are in the public interest to know and objectively portray reality within the format and genre of th e particular media concerned(Young 1973 17). The public would like to know that they are being provided with objective news, thus the journalist would try their best to provide the news, so by reservation sure they get objective news, and they increase their readership and circulation. This would benefit them because it would allow them to be popular against their competitors. However, for the fact journalist select the news they think the public would be interested and present it as objectively as they can, this could be said to be a strategic ritual. The selection of news would further be illustrated later in this essay. This may be so, in the fact that they dont want to get themselves into trouble for providing biased news, thus affecting their integrity in the organisation they work and publicly soiling the organisations reputation. This means that the public would not trust the news they produce, thus, they would continually get prejudicial criticism. This could be illustrate d by Tuchman 1977b cited in Shoemaker 1996 who argues that objectivity is a ritual that objectivity is a ritual that serves primarily to defend the organisational product from critics. Because newsworkers have secondary time to reflect on whether they have gotten at the truth in their stories, the need a set of procedure, or strategies, that if followed will protect them from occupational hazards such as libel suit and reprimands from superior. Consequently, journalists follow a set of guidelines to avoid critics so that they dont get into unnecessary trouble and to be able to protect themselves from disgrace. Like it was previously said, journalist get chance to select the news they want to write about. The idea that they are allowed to do that shows that the news they are going to write about is already biased on the fact that they might already have a subjected view about it. Thus, the news would be value laden as well as hardly value free. Also for the fact that journalist use different sources to make up their news, Even though they are supposedly trusted sources of theirs, the question is how can they be so sure that the news the trusted sources provide is objective. Thus, it shows that they cannot be sure if the news is ampere-second% objective. Calling into the question of validity of representational knowledge about the world- arguing that news is as much a bureaucratic product as it is a reflection of external reality and that objectivity is essentially a strategic ritual- is at bottom incompatible with journalisms self legitimating discourses. Pointing out that the subjects (i.e. the journalists) perception are not just the product of individual autonomy, showing that journalist (like all of us) are inexorably entangled with and in part constituted by language us, serve to erode the foundations of the conventional wisdom(Dahlgren 1992 11). Consequently, this shows that, it is not only the journalist who influences the news they write, as all othe r people are involved..This can also be reiterated by Shoemaker 1996 112 objectivity, although a cornerstone of journalist ideology, is rooted in practical organisational requirements. In this sense, objectivity is less a core belief of journalist than a set of procedures to which journalist willingly correct in other to protect themselves from attack. Consequently, this shows that the organisations also have an influence on the new. With the organisation involved there would be less chance of the company endangering their integrity and shame on their organizational image. Both of these sources show that the firm in which these journalists work for, has an influence on the type of news they produce in the sense that they always have a say. This is done so as to protect their image. Thus a set of gu are provided for the journalist to follow, so that they do not drift off the organisations rules and regulation about reporting news. This therefore means that journalists have no choice but to follow the set guidelines or they lose their job. According to Michael Schudson (1978) cited in shoemaker 1996 112 notes that at the turn of the century, newspapers in competing for circulation, tried to conform to the publics standards of truth, decency, and good taste. Reporters believed they had to be lively and entertaining while factual at the same time. Indeed, editors and reporters were pre-occupied with facts to avoid public criticism and embarrassment for the newspaper. This could be said to be spin and twisting, for the fact that journalist thought that they had to be entertaining and lively. The idea of being entertaining would mean that they are trying to reach audiences they never actually reached out to. This can also be related to the idea that objectivity in the news is not an objective idea, for the fact that the news would most probably be shortened thus audiences would not get the full picture. This could be illustrated by Shoemaker who argued that the obj ectivity routine also leads to omitting seemingly faultless information (Shoemaker 1996 113). Consequently, it means that audiences are not receiving the whole story of an event. The thought that journalist are omitting some of the information may be good, in the sense that the public would get an idea and grasp a bit about a complicated story about events in society. As illustrated in Bennets al-Quran in a case study, news stories often oversimplify larger and more complex realities. In many ways it is goodHowever, the news may radically simplify realities to the point of distortion or omission of important information for various reasons(Bennett 2007 211) This therefore suggests that objectivity in the news could be omitted for good reason however, it should not necessarily be said to be a strategic ritual, because it is being done for a good cause. However on the other hand, it can be argued that objectivity in the news is strategic ritual in the sense that important informatio n would be hidden an omitted from the public thus making the public nave to events happening in society. It can also be argued otherwise that objectivity in the news is not a strategic ritual on the fact that journalist right from the start have the obligation to report the truth and try as much as possible to be objective so as to avoid libel suits but for the fact that they have deadlines to reach. This means they would actually be time conscious. Thus having less unmingled time to check over their report therefore it might be difficult to have totally objective news as illustrated by Tuchman 1972 dissimilar social scientists, newsmen have a limited repertoire with which to define and defend their objectivity. He must make immediate decisions concerning validity, reliability, and truth in other to watch the problems imposed by the nature of his taskthe newsmen need some working notion of objectivity to minimize the risk imposed by deadline, libel suits, and superiors reprimands (Tuchman 1972 662) Objectivity is defined as a matter of intent, it includes the freedom to disregard the implications of the news. Indeed, objectivity could not long exist without this freedom, for the moment journalists are required to consider the effects of news on sources and others they would have to begin assessing their own intent and to relinquish their detachment, especially if they wanted to prevent injury to someone (Gans, 1979 188). Overall, it can be argued from a perspective that objectivity in the news is a strategic ritual, down to the idea that organisations train their potential journalist and give them guidelines on how to report news in an objective manner without being biased. This is done so as to protect the organisations integrity and the journalist status. Thus, it would help them avoid libel suits. This could be illustrated by Tuchman 1972 678 who think that objectivity used defensively as a strategic ritual. Objectivity refers to routine procedures whi ch may be exemplified as formal attributes and to protect the professional from mistakes and from his critics. And for the fact that journalist have to follow these set guidelines means objectivity in the news is a strategic ritual, as it means that these journalist have no choice, thus they cannot go against it as they would most probably lose their job Furthermore, if journalists do not provide objective news as they could, then the public would most probably not think journalism is a serious and professional job. Thus no one would see them as trustworthy. Thus it is their profession to provide the public with objective news. This can then be said that objectivity in the news is not a strategic ritual, as they have no choice but to provide non biased news so as to inform the public.Bibliography Bennet, W. L. (2007) News The Politics of Illusion, New York Longman, Pearson Cohen, S. Young, J. ( ) The Manufacture of News, London Macmillan. Dahlgren, P. Sparks, C. (1992) journalis m and Popular Culture London, SAGE Publications. Galtung, J. Ruge, M. (1981) Structuring and Selecting News, in S. Cohen J. Young (eds) The Manufacture of News, London Macmillan Gans, H. (1979) Deciding whats News. A Study of CBS Evening News, NBC Nigthly News, Newsweek and Time. New York Random House Harcup, T. (2009) journalism Principles and Practice. London, SAGE Publications Kuklinski, J. H. Sigelman, L. (1992) When Objectivity is not objective Network T.V News Coverage of US Senators and the Paradox of Objectivity in Journal of Politics, 54 (3) Shoemaker, P. Reese, S. (1996) Mediating The message Theories of Influences on Mass Media Content. (2nd ed.), London Longman. Schudson, M. (2003) The Sociology of News. New York United States of America. Tuchman, G. (1972) Objectivity as Strategic Ritual An examination of Newsmens notion of Objectivity in American Journal of Sociology, 77 660-67