Theme Of Scarlet Letter :: essays research papers

The rose bush, by a strange chance, has been kept alive in history only if whether it had merely survived out of the stern old wilderness, so long after the fall of the gigantic pines and oaks that originally over-shadowed it, -or whether, as there is fair authority for believing, it had sprung up under the footsteps of the sainted Anne Hutchinson, as she entered the prison house-door, -we shall not take upon us to determine.In The Scarlet Letter, author, Nathaniel Hawthorne effectively sets the mood for this dismal novel. The ugliness and rust in the prison and cemetery seems like the last place for any physical body of beauty to be. But the rosebush grows contrasting with the depressing backdrop offering a sort of sweet to this tragic story. In this tale, practically every main character is faced with a dreadful sin or evilness, but within the malice, there is in summation a pleasant side to each characters transgression, illustrating hypocrisy.Hester Prynne is introduced as a tall, beautiful woman condemned for committing a serious sin of adultery. During her most portentous scene, the first time she must climb the scaffold as disapproving eyes gaze upon her, Hester is described as being extremely graceful and brave. tear down though Hester is labeled with an awful accusation, underneath all the sin, lies a young woman in love with a man. Chillingworth, Hesters husband, admits that their marriage displayed no kind of love, so it was only expected that Hester get involved with a man she actually cared for. She was in fact the victim among the other characters by being squeeze to marry Chillingworth without loving him and had to deal with Chillingworths selfishness, which permitted him to marry the young girl knowing all along that she never loved him. And lastly, she is the victim of Chillingworths folly in leaving his wife alone in Massachusetts. Treated as an outcast for about seven years, Hester is finally considered to be free from the "A. W hen the Puritan confederacy realized that Hester was in fact not as corrupt as supposed, they decided that she could return as a regular citizen in their village. In addition theres Pearl, the demons offspring. She is described as a luxuriant beauty a bright complexion, eyes possessing intensity twain of depth and glow. With Pearls breathtaking appearance, her personality is somewhat odd. Her mood alters frequently. She may be laughing uncontrollably one minute, and the next, in an angry rage.

Modern Western Thought :: essays research papers

Modern Western though has been molded by emphasis on scientific thinking and reasoning from the time of Copernicus, Galileo and Newton. The scientific revolution gave birth to a new era of thought, in which observations were do to support an idea. This involved what man could prove through sense, non religion or superstition. non fit ancient Greek historians, philosophers and scientists, such as Thucydides, Socrates, Aristotle, and Hippocrates, laid bring down the seeds of modern Western thought.An ancient Greek writer who demonstrate modern scientific objectivity was Thucydides. Over time, this type of scientific objectivity has become a valuable puppet of modern Western thought. The vividness and detail of Thucydides description of the personal effects of the plague is striking. A doctor today would be very strike by the accuracy and detailed description of the plague Externally the body was not very hot to the touch, nor was thither whatever pallor the skin was alternati vely reddish and livid, breaking out into small pustules and ulcers. This precise description of the plague would be comparable to any description written today. The scientific objectivity demonstrated by the ancient Greeks had a direct influence on our medical, and non-medical, description today. galore(postnominal) ancient Greeks such as Socrates used logic, another invaluable tool of modern Western thought. Socrates, by asking simple questions, was able to draw answers from citizenry that supported his blood line. By thinking a problem through, step-by-step, Socrates was able to modernise answers to a problem or question. This laid down the foundation for modern logic. Not at all, my dear Agathon. It is truth that you find impossible to withstand there is never the slightest difficulty in withstanding Socrates. This shows that Socrates merely saw himself as a need to logic.Aristotle, one of the very first scientists, used evidence to support his claims. Today, any argument ma de moldiness be supported by evidence. Any argument not supported by evidence is not accepted as fact. Aristotles use of evidence made his arguments strong and convincing, even if he was quite wrong. When Aristotle writes Again, if the earth as a whole is capable of floating upon water, that must obviously be the case with any part of it. But observation shows that this is not the case. Any piece of earth goes to the bottom, the quicker the larger it is he is able to prove his point by the use of evidence. The method in which Aristotle supported his arguments is forever and a day used today as it shows that the point one is arguing is true.Modern Western Thought essays research papers Modern Western though has been shaped by emphasis on scientific thinking and reasoning from the time of Copernicus, Galileo and Newton. The scientific revolution gave birth to a new era of thought, in which observations were made to support an idea. This involved what man could prove through sense , not religion or superstition. Notable ancient Greek historians, philosophers and scientists, such as Thucydides, Socrates, Aristotle, and Hippocrates, laid down the seeds of modern Western thought.An ancient Greek writer who demonstrated modern scientific objectivity was Thucydides. Over time, this type of scientific objectivity has become a valuable tool of modern Western thought. The vividness and detail of Thucydides description of the effects of the plague is striking. A doctor today would be very impressed by the accuracy and detailed description of the plague Externally the body was not very hot to the touch, nor was there any pallor the skin was rather reddish and livid, breaking out into small pustules and ulcers. This precise description of the plague would be comparable to any description written today. The scientific objectivity demonstrated by the ancient Greeks had a direct influence on our medical, and non-medical, description today.Many ancient Greeks such as Socrat es used logic, another invaluable tool of modern Western thought. Socrates, by asking simple questions, was able to draw answers from people that supported his argument. By thinking a problem through, step-by-step, Socrates was able to formulate answers to a problem or question. This laid down the foundation for modern logic. Not at all, my dear Agathon. It is truth that you find impossible to withstand there is never the slightest difficulty in withstanding Socrates. This shows that Socrates merely saw himself as a guide to logic.Aristotle, one of the very first scientists, used evidence to support his claims. Today, any argument made must be supported by evidence. Any argument not supported by evidence is not accepted as fact. Aristotles use of evidence made his arguments strong and convincing, even if he was quite wrong. When Aristotle writes Again, if the earth as a whole is capable of floating upon water, that must obviously be the case with any part of it. But observation show s that this is not the case. Any piece of earth goes to the bottom, the quicker the larger it is he is able to prove his point by the use of evidence. The method in which Aristotle supported his arguments is constantly used today as it shows that the point one is arguing is true.

JRR Tolkiens The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers :: Essays Papers

JRR Tolkiens The Lord of the Rings The Two TowersThe Lord of the Rings is set in Middle-earth, a fictional world created by Tolkien. Mystical creatures such as Hobbits, Orcs, trolls, ents, elves, wangs, wizards, dragons, dwarves and men inhabit middle-earth. Middle-earth is a magical world in which imagination rules, but it exists very much like real society, with political and economic problems and power struggles. Each of the races that inhabit this world have their own territories and are distinct from one another. My best-loved character in this book is Sam Gamgee. Sam is the son of Ham Gamgee, and is also Frodos curious gardener. Sam turns out to be one of the significant characters in the success of the quest. Not only does he accompany Frodo he also risks his own life for Frodo. Sam is my favorite character because he is sure to his friends, keeps his promises, and protects his companions. This book is very long, and there are a lot of important scenes, so my summary wil l be quite extensive. As the book starts out, the tent is attacked by a band of Orcs and Boromir is killed. Before he breathes his last breath, Boromir tells Aragorn that the Orcs have carried off the other Hobbits. Aragorn tells Gimli (a dwarf) and Legolas (a elf) that he thinks Frodo and Sam have gone alone to Mordor and that they themselves should number the Orcs and not Frodo. Meanwhile, Pippin and Merry, in the custody of the Orcs, lie captive awaiting their fates. Somehow, Pippin gets hold of a knife and cuts his bonds, and ties a loose knot around his wrists. Pippin manages to break free, but is caught. He loses consciousness and only regains it when the Orcs stop. Eomer and his men attack the Orcs and Merry and Pippin manage to escape into Fangorn (a forest).The Hobbits run as fast as they can into the forest, finally stopping for a drink of water. They come upon a sort of rock wall and climb up strange stairs, where they meet an ent, or Treebeard, as he calls himself. T he next solar day Treebeard takes the Hobbits to a meeting of ents at entmoot. After that, they march to Isengard. The ents are angry at Saruman, their neighbor, who cuts down their trees and burns them without reason and who also trains Orcs not to be hangdog of Fangorn.

How to cheat on your spouse :: essays research papers

How To Cheat On Your Spouse"Oh the weather outside is frightful, but your thighs are so delightful. She has no place to go, let her blow, let her blow, let her blow." I caught a bit of the holiday spirit on the way to the mall and began humming the Christmas song term driving down the highway. Somewhere along the way I changed the terminology a bit and laughed. Dont I wish I mean, my secretary was a cutie, and yes, she would give made an excellent partner in the sack. But there was a little problem I was married with three children, and the little woman at home frowned upon marital transgressions. I know that for a fact, because it wasnt all that long ago that she caught me in the act. That was not a pretty scene. After some time and counseling, we mended fences, but I got the ultimatum even flirting with another woman was cause for her to give me the pink slip, kissing her, my kids, our house and most of our bank account, goodbye. I took those words to heart, and have b een a model husband for more than half a decade. Then there are guys like Artie, a manager in the accountancy Department at the company where Im employed. On the outside hes a pleasant enough guy in his early 30s with a wife and two gentle children. Behind the scenes, though, hes a wolf. A certifiable louse. Hes strayed more times than a barnyard cat, and somehow has never been caught. I thought of this while driving to the mall, and given my onetime(prenominal) history, decided to ask him how he does it. I didnt think he would answer, but it wouldnt hurt to ask. So I did. Much to my surprise, Artie was agreeable, and over a few beers at our local Irish pub, we spoke about the ins and outs, so to speak, of cheating on ones spouse. What follows are his frank answers to my probing questions. Q Weve talked in the past about some of your, well, dalliances, and I wondered if you could answer a few questions, anonymously, of course. A Ask away Q Do you love your wife? A Of course. Shes a darling, the mother of my children, and a great virtuoso too. Q Then why...? A (Interrupting) Why do I, uh, stray?

Eating Disorders Essay -- essays research papers fc

An eating disorder is an illness that involves an unhealthy feeling about the feed we eat. Eating disorders affect 5-10 millions Americans and 70 million individuals worldwide (www.eatingdisorderinfo.org 1). They also affect many people from women, men, children, from all ages and different races. People who have eating disorders normally count on themselves as being fat when they really arent. This unremarkably deals with women or teenage girls mostly. They watch television, movies, read articles in magazines, and see pictures of the celebrities whom they privation to be wish well because they have the ideal body that everyone wants and craves for. The media makes us all think we need those types of bodies to be happy with ourselves, be more successful in life, and be perfect. sharp-set yourself or eating less summates of food doesnt help you get the ideal body that you desire to have. This shows that you lack self-esteem and only want to see what other people see in life. Th is whitethorn impinge on people who are alone and want to get attention and by doing this they want to be thin.There are many different kinds of eating disorders that people are affected with. For example, there is Anorexia Nervosa, which deals with not eating regularly or chow little amounts of food or not eating at all. There is also Bulimia Nervosa, which is when a person eats a large amount of food and then binges or purges after to get rid of the food they just put into the body. Lastly there is the Binge eating disorder. This disorder is when a person keeps a secret from everyone of their excessive eating.Women make up more than 90 percent of people with these eating disorders (www.4woman.gov 1).However, young women are most vulnerable, peculiarly between the ages 15-25 years (www.edauk.com 1). Women are more likely to be anorexic, because they always see other women with thin bodies and feel pressured to want to be like them. They may be alone or divorced and may need attent ion so they look for ways to get that attention from people. The women suffer with feelings of self-hate, worthlessness, low self-esteem, and they usually feel that in order to be happy, they must be thin (www.mirror-mirror.org 1).Women in the business industry feel they dont get equal attention from people so in order to heighten their career, they put themselves out there to have the perfect body to get peoples att... ... illness. If you do not seek help you can damage your body, cause major health problems, and even death. But if you do seek help, you can progressively build up your self-esteem that helps cope with the illness.Bibliography1 - Thompson, Colleen. Eating Disorders. net Explorer December 9, 20022 - Thompson, Colleen. Children. lucre Explorer December 9, 20023 - Thompson, Colleen. Women. net profit Explorer December 9, 20024 - Thompson, Colleen. Binge Eating Disorder. Internet Explorer December 9, 20025 - Thompson, Colleen. Anorexia Nervosa. Internet Explorer De cember 9, 20026 - Thompson, Colleen. Bulimia Nervosa. Internet Explorer December 9, 20027 - Hendrick, Victoria Eating Disorders. Internet Explorer July 20028 - Spearing, Melissa. Eating Disorders. Internet Explorer. August 6, 20029 Anonymous. EDA. What is an Eating Disorder? Internet Explorer. March 31, 200410 Anonymous. Eating Disorders Statistics. Internet Explorer. http//www.eatingdisorderinfo.org11 - Harmon, Dan. Anorexia Nervosa Starving for Attention. Philadelphia Chelsea House Publishers 199912 - Nardo, Dan. Eating Disorders. San Diego, California Lucent Books, Inc. 1991

Eating Disorders Essay -- essays research papers fc

An alimentation complaint is an illness that involves an unhealthy feeling some the food we eat. Eating disorders affect 5-10 millions Ameri rafts and 70 million individuals worldwide (www.eatingdisorderinfo.org 1). They also affect many large number from women, men, children, from all ages and different races. People who have eating disorders usually see themselves as being fat when they really arent. This usually deals with women or teenage girls approximatelyly. They watch television, movies, read articles in magazines, and see pictures of the celebrities whom they wish to be like because they have the ideal body that everyone wants and craves for. The media makes us all think we need those types of bodies to be happy with ourselves, be more successful in life, and be perfect.Starving yourself or eating less amounts of food doesnt help you take away the ideal body that you desire to have. This shows that you lack self-esteem and only want to see what other people see in li fe. This may impinge on people who are alone and want to get attention and by doing this they want to be thin.There are many different kinds of eating disorders that people are affected with. For example, there is Anorexia Nervosa, which deals with not eating regularly or eats little amounts of food or not eating at all. There is also bulimia Nervosa, which is when a person eats a long amount of food and then binges or purges after to get rid of the food they just put into the body. Lastly there is the Binge eating disorder. This disorder is when a person keeps a secret from everyone of their excessive eating.Women make up more than 90 percent of people with these eating disorders (www.4woman.gov 1).However, young women are most vulnerable, particularly between the ages 15-25 years (www.edauk.com 1). Women are more likely to be anorexic, because they always see other women with thin bodies and feel pressured to want to be like them. They may be alone or divorced and may need attent ion so they look for ways to get that attention from people. The women suffer with feelings of self-hate, worthlessness, downhearted self-esteem, and they usually feel that in order to be happy, they must be thin (www.mirror-mirror.org 1).Women in the business industry feel they dont get enough attention from people so in order to heighten their career, they put themselves out there to have the perfect body to get peoples att... ... illness. If you do not seek help you can damage your body, cause major health problems, and even death. But if you do seek help, you can increasingly build up your self-esteem that helps cope with the illness.Bibliography1 - Thompson, Colleen. Eating troubles. Internet Explorer December 9, 20022 - Thompson, Colleen. Children. Internet Explorer December 9, 20023 - Thompson, Colleen. Women. Internet Explorer December 9, 20024 - Thompson, Colleen. Binge Eating Disorder. Internet Explorer December 9, 20025 - Thompson, Colleen. Anorexia Nervosa. Internet E xplorer December 9, 20026 - Thompson, Colleen. Bulimia Nervosa. Internet Explorer December 9, 20027 - Hendrick, Victoria Eating Disorders. Internet Explorer July 20028 - Spearing, Melissa. Eating Disorders. Internet Explorer. August 6, 20029 Anonymous. EDA. What is an Eating Disorder? Internet Explorer. March 31, 200410 Anonymous. Eating Disorders Statistics. Internet Explorer. http//www.eatingdisorderinfo.org11 - Harmon, Dan. Anorexia Nervosa Starving for Attention. Philadelphia Chelsea House Publishers 199912 - Nardo, Dan. Eating Disorders. San Diego, California Lucent Books, Inc. 1991

Freedom Of Speech In Cyber World Essay

1. a. The effect of sociable networking has caused us something good and bad at alike(p) time. We atomic number 50 create healthy relationships through it and it is true to exclusively that there is always a negative feedback behind everything that exists yet I think we can still reduce the incident of cyberbullying by implementing law against it. We can also educate the young regarding with what is moral stakesing and straitening their attitude towards social networking. b. yes, it will. In this cyber domain of a function all the impossibilities becomes possible like in interacting people flush we do non see them face-to-face that will lead us to greater rectitude and overcome differences which there are countries who still suffering from racial discrimination. It also shows that people of today are just contented to interact through online or even sometimes prefer not to meet a certain person face-to-face and there are certain scenarios like in staying in a hotel, dinner in a restaurant with family or friends and going to bars in which people prefer to stay places with wireless fidelity and expense a lot of time interacting in social media than communicating person to person. It loses the ability to engage concretely with others. c. I think there is still very(prenominal) impact in digital media regarding to the context of face-to-face communication virtues since we can still be more open, honest and patience in relating or interacting in cyber world. This proves that there is negotiation in online businesses that becomes successful and there are some people found their true love and made it true to life marriage.2. a. in directing as statuses in social media such as in facebook every minute and sometimes with immoral content, noteging automatically to unnecessary photos or videos and even sending spam messages. These are the common things that I encounter in social media and considered it as problems. I feel that it is acceptable to post anytime i n social media but statuses should be filter as we post it for anyone can see it. Posting negative statuses might influence to anyone who reads it and can cause also discouragement. I think it is also acceptable if you tag your friends in a photo or video if they are included or maybe if they ask you to tag as you post it into the public. Sending messages also to your friends or even not-so-close friends are acceptable but if you send spam messages which is an act of disrespect to a person, and so it will become unacceptable. b. copy-paste a material from the internet for my assignmentis acceptable for it is also common scenario today but all along claiming anything that is not my experience work is unacceptable. Since everything under the sun today is researchable in the Internet, if I can find something that answers my assignment and revise it as much as possible. To me it is acceptable to copy-paste as long as you put the source in it if you cant revise the words used.Claiming something in internet that is not yours is like snatching ideas which is unacceptable for me. c. post as status, blog or negatively about your school is acceptable if youre in tete-a-tete forum and as long as it does not decrepitude your schools reputation. If you are ask to post something negative about your school from an authorize person who needs your feedback, then it is acceptable. Not all negative posts are unhealthy for it sometimes correct or improve the school but if it is in public which anyone sees it, then it is not acceptable. Post as status, blog or negatively about your classmate is acceptable if and only if it is just between the two of you or you are in a confidential forum or keeping it only by yourself. It is acceptable since it also a form of correcting someone and as long as it does not ruin your classmates reputation.I think it is acceptable to bad mouth your professor on your facebook/twitter as long as you keep it private for straight off posting how we feel for your professor is also another way of expressing to comfort ourselves even if it is morally wrong. e. it is acceptable to bad mouth your parents or siblings on your facebook/twitter as long as you keep it private so that no one can see it. Sometimes we just wanted permit our emotions flow and feel that we are comfortable after posting. Since it become a channel for us to express our emotions nowadays though it is morally wrong. f. it is acceptable to post your selfie photos every now and then as a form of expression is acceptable as long as your photos reflect with morality and pleasing. Moreover, posting photos nowadays is common and it is unavoidable.

Drama at the Farm: A Canadian Survival Story Essay

Canadian Writer Marg atomic number 18t Atwood would argue that every country in the world has a single unifying and informing symbolic representation, to act as a belief system that keeps everyone together and working for common leftovers. These unifying symbols manifest in the literature produce by authors and literary thinkers whether or non it is done consciously or subconsciously. According to Atwood, in the get together States Frontier is the unifying symbol, the exploration of new land, the west and independence from imperial powers. In the United Kingdom the Island is a distinct symbol of common national sentiments, the idea of the central island nation controlling its lands and wealth from behind the safety of its metaphorical walls this symbol is perfectly represented by the medieval castles and fortresses of that nation. With these examples in mind Atwood states that the unifying symbol for Canadian Lifestyle, and consequently literature, is Survival.As a result of the C anadas geographical shape, its vast landmass and bitter climate, as well as the nations origins as subordinate to imperial rule, Survival becomes the common tramp which bonds the lives thought and experiences of all Canadians. It is much real to us than the frontier or the island. In her essay, Survival A Thematic Guide to Canadian Literature, Atwood goes into outstanding detail about this idea of choice and development, she outlines her cardinal dupe strengths with the intention of increasing understanding of Canadian literature, and how these guidelines apply to anyone, Canadian or oppositewise. In The sweetheart, by Guy Vanderhaeghe, Atwoods concepts fuel be employ to identify and understand the mystify of Vanderhaeghes main character, Charlie Bradley, as well as augment understanding of Vanderhaeghes work as a piece of distinctly Canadian fictional Literature.Atwoods four victim topographic points can be used to understand characters from Canadian fiction from the distinctly Canadian point of view, survival. The hero of most Canadian fiction is the survivor, the main character or protagonist survives where the other characters do not, or they survive one ordeal only to succumb to something else, The survivor has no triumph or victory but the fact of his survival he has little after his ordeal that hedid not have before, except gratitude for having escaped with his life.(Atwood 33). The Canadian protagonist or survivor doesnt stage the myth that they can beat adversity to better themselves or their situation, rather they are no better of than before their ordeal, or maybe worse, by are fortunate to have escaped with their lives. The survivor is therefore inherently and unavoidably a victim in one form or another, and Atwoods speckle can be use to identify and grasp a greater understanding of the survivor character, his actions, thoughts, and decisions.To understand Charlie Bradley one must first understand the four basic victim positions. A person of the first victim position is in denial of the fact that they are the victim, usual their slightly elevated attitude above their peers makes them feel that anyone can succeed if they wanted to and those that dont are just lazy. A person from the second victim position ac dealledges their using but resigns to it because of feelings that it is the result of uncontrollable exterior forces such as fate, they feel their position as a victim is inevitable and cannot be changed. Individuals of the third position acknowledge their victimization but refuse to accept the role is inevitable as in position two.However a person in position three doesnt use their frustration at their victimization in a creative manner, they dont use their energy to change their position they just loath themselves and are jealous of those who are not victims. A person in position four is what Atwood calls a creative non victim (Atwood 38). For these individuals victimization is not a reality, they use their energy to rise above the existence of victimization and are positively creative with their situation.Vanderhaeghes main character from his minuscule story, The Watcher,Charlie Bradley fits perfectly into Atwoods definition of the second victim position. Charlie Acknowledges his victimization but feels there is nothing he can do about it. secernate of Charlies position can be found numerous times throughout the text. From the very first sentence of Vanderhaeghes story one can cast type Charlie. He says, I suppose it was having a bad chest that turned me into an observer, a watcher, at an early age. (Vanderhaeghe 207).From this statement you already know that Charlie blames his situation as being an observer on his bad chest, an uncontrollable external for, he cannot control his sickness and so resigns to be a victim of it. The rest of the story circle rounds around Charlies talent for observing events but never participating, the situation he deals with when he is shipped of to his grandmas farm and forced to deals with his mentally explosive aunt and her freeloading boyfriend Thompson. Charlie fancies himself a spy observing the details and doing nothing. More evidence of his position comes from thoughts on his aunts situation, Charlie says, Evelyn, was evidence enough of how firm bound we all are to the wretched wheel of life and its stumbling desires. (Vanderhaeghe 221). Again resigning everything to the whims of fate.Charlies true position as the surviving victim comes at the end of the story when he is forced into the game, no longer a watcher, and must chose between taking the side of his Grandma or that of Thompson in identifying the assailants, who identity he does know to be the Ogden Brothers hired by his Grandma to beat up Thompson. And now he is asking me to save him, to take a risk, when I was more completely in her clutches than he would ever be. He forgot I was a child. I depended on her. (Vanderhaeghe 239). Charlie admits to withhold ing the truth to save himself, even if it meant bother Thompson. Charlie is the survivor, he is the victim of circumstance be he has the foresight to save himself even if it isnt the right thing to do.Canadian short stories are climb of survivors, the characters created by Vanderhaeghe as well as those of many authors face different challenges than the characters of literature from other nations. Canada is a nation of survivors, if only just barely. Margaret Atwood is one Canadian writer who fully understands this survivor position and the levels of victimization that come along with it. Canadian heroes are the ones who face adversity to gain something, but those who are pounded by the outside world and are just able to have on to their lives.This situation, at least metaphorically, will be familiar to all Canadians and the great impair section of writers from various cultural backgrounds. Their diversity only reinforcing the notion that this country, the land changes you, give u s all something in common, that unifying symbol that Atwood praises as the center of everythingCanadian. Survival. As Atwood aptly puts it, A writers job is not to tell a society how it ought to live but how it does live.(Atwood 42)Works CitedAtwood, Margaret. Survival. Survival A Thematic Guide to Canadian Literature. Toronto Anansi, 1972. 25-43.Vanderhaeghe, Guy. The Watcher. Man Descending. Toronto Macmillan of Canada, 1982.

African Americans in the U.S. Essay

African Americans (American Blacks or Black Americans), racial group in the United States whose dominant ancestry is from sub-Saharan West Africa. Many African Americans also claim European, Native American, or Asian ancestors. A variety of names have been used for African Americans at various points in history. African Americans have been referred to as Negroes, colored, blacks, and Afro-Americans, as well as lesser-known terms, such as the 19th-century designation Anglo-African. The terms Negro and colored are now rarely used.African American, black, and to a lesser extent Afro-American, are used interchangeably today. Recent black immigrants from Africa and the islands of the Caribbean are just abouttimes classified as African Americans. However, these groups, especially commencement- and second-generation immigrants, a lot have cultural practices, histories, and languages that are distinct from those of African Americans born in the United States. For example, Caribbean native s may speak French, British English, or Spanish as their first language.Emigrants from Africa may speak a European language other than English or any of a number of African languages as their first language. Caribbean and African immigrants often have little knowledge or experience of the distinctive history of race relations in the United States. Thus, Caribbean and African immigrants may or may not choose to identify with the African American community. According to 2000 U. S. census, some 34. 7 million African Americans live in the United States, devising up 12. 3 percent of the total population. 2000 census shows that 54.8 percent African Americans lived in the South. In that year, 17. 6 percent of African Americans lived in the nor-east and 18. 7 percent in the Midwest, while only 8. 9 percent lived in the Western states. Almost 88 percent of African Americans lived in metropolitan areas in 2000. With over 2 million African American residents, New York City had the largest bl ack urban population in the United States in 2000. Washington, D. C. , had the highest ratio of black residents of any U. S. city in 2000, with African Americans making up almost 60 percent of the population.Microsoft Encarta 2009. 1993-2008 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Atlantic hard worker Trade, Atlantic Slave Trade, the forced transportation of at least 10 million enslaved Africans from their homelands in Africa to destinations in Europe and the Americas during the 15th through 19th centuries. European and North American slave traders transported most of these slaves to areas in tropical and subtropical America, where the vast majority worked as laborers on large agricultural plantations.See Slavery. Between 1440 and 1880 Europeans and North Americans transfer merchandise for slaves along 5600 km (3500 miles) of Africas western and west central Atlantic coasts. These slaves were then transported to other locations around the Atlantic Ocean. The vast majority w ent to Brazil, the Caribbean, and Spanish-speaking regions of South America and Central America. Smaller numbers were taken to Atlantic islands, continental Europe, and English-speaking areas of the North American mainland.Approximately 12 million slaves left field Africa via the Atlantic trade, and more than 10 million arrived. The Atlantic slave trade involved the largest intercontinental migration of people in world history prior to the twentieth century. This transfer of so some people, over such a long time, had enormous consequences for every continent bordering the Atlantic. It profoundly changed the racial, social, economic, and cultural makeup in many of the American nations that imported slaves.It also left a legacy of racism that many of those nations are still struggling to overcome. Microsoft Encarta 2009. 1993-2008 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Civil Rights Movement in the United States, political, legal, and social struggle by black Americans to gain full citizenship rights and to achieve racial equality. The civil rights movement was first and foremost a quarrel to segregation, the system of laws and customs separating blacks and whites that whites used to control blacks after slavery was abolished in the 1860s.During the civil rights movement, individuals and civil rights organizations challenged segregation and discrimination with a variety of activities, including protest marches, boycotts, and refusal to run by segregation laws. Many believe that the movement began with the Montgomery bus boycott in 1955 and ended with the Voting Rights Act of 1965, though there is think about when it began and whether it has ended yet. The civil rights movement has also been called the Black Freedom Movement, the Negro Revolution, and the Second Reconstruction. Microsoft Encarta 2009. 1993-2008 Microsoft Corporation.All rights reserved. AAVE Distinctive patterns of language use among African Americans arose as creative responses to the hardships imposed on the African American community. Slave-owners often intentionally mixed people who spoke many different African languages to discourage communication in any language other than English on their plantations. Moreover, many whites were unwilling to allow blacks to learn proper English. One response to these conditions was the development of pidgins, alter mixtures of two or more languages that speakers of different languages could use to communicate with each other.Some of these pidgins eventually became fully developed Creole languages spoken by legitimate groups as a native language. Significant numbers of people still speak some of these Creole languages, notably Gullah on the Sea Islands of South Carolina and Georgia. African American Vernacular English (AAVE), also called black English or Ebonics, is a dialect of English spoken by many African Americans that shares some features with Creole languages. Microsoft Encarta 2009. 1993-2008 Microsoft Corpo ration. All rights reserved.

Amanco Case Study Essay

Is the Amanco strategy an example of corporate social responsibility or corporate self-centeredness? Amancos strategy is an example of corporate social responsibility. Amanco came from a group who self-regulated social responsibility into its business model. Amancos business model is also self-regulated and has chance to be recognized as a company with social concerns. It almost cannot be seen as a corporate self-interest, because Amanco addressed every step of their operation. They utilize a birth-to-grave approach when looking at the effects it had on the social well-being of the people and the environment. Why has Roberto Salas chosen to develop a strategy stand for and Balanced Scorecard to represent Amancos triple bottom line objectives?He chose to develop this strategic stand for, so that his top, middle, and bottom manager can sympathize the directions that the company wants to go it. By developing this map, it is easier to adapt this strategy in the different regions a nd business units. Why did Salas choose to modify the traditional strategy map/BSC format? Salas didnt think that the traditional strategy map clearly presented the triple bottom line concepts as a foundation for any evaluate creation and competitive advantage. He thought by modifying the map, it would make it a clearer and more logical representation of the companys strategy. What challenges does Salas face with implementing Amancos strategy?Salass challenges will be getting the right people to champion such a strategy. This falls a little into the Red Strategy of getting the right people, who understands, and buys into the strategy. The problem doesnt just lie with the people, but also with the different rules and regulations, and the languages in the different countries. Trying to standardize the strategy would be a huge challenge, but it sounds like the created Local SSCs first and tried to link it back to the companys SSC. In what ways is Amanco following a chickenhearted st rategy?Amanco is a yellow strategy company, since they look to be considerate of the people. Their purpose and practice goes a long way in making accredited that their actions address the needs of its community. Things like product awareness they adapted a birth-to-grave approach on their products, vetting each step in the cycle to make received that their outputs werent detrimental to the community. With the people, they started within, in ensuring that their employees were taken care of.

Expo 2012, Yeosu, South Korea

Williams Date August, 18th, 2012 Subject Final report on Grenades Booth at Yeses Expo 2012. The sky of Yeses was 11th up with spectacular fireworks at 920 p. M. On Sunday as the city celebrated the end of 93-day Yeses Expo 2012, which kicked off on May 12. Hundreds of spectators, participants and performers joined hands and danced in circles to beat the successful wrapping up of the event.The closing ceremony, which began at 730 p. M. Was attended by UN Secretary-General Ban Ski-moon and Prime Minister Kim Hang-ski. Who both commended the hosts for doing a superior Job on the Expo. Yeses Expo 201 2 held under the theme The Living Ocean and Coast reached Its target of attracting 8 million visitors. 104 countries participated In the expo and each rustic, including Grenade aimed to highlight workable solutions for achieving sustainable development and co-excellences with the living ocean as seen through its underwater sculpture park divulge.Grenades Participation In Expo 2012 Reflec ting the splendour of Its relationship with the ocean, Grenade presented Its home through a visually impressive booth, informative exhibits, and friendly interaction. The general public was introduced to the Moline Underwater Sculpture Park, Nutmeg, Carnival, the yachting sector and Grenade as a tourist and business trading destination. The Grenadier Booth was very well received by the general public, Pips, and business participants, and was one of the about favorite at Expo 2012.Participating countries were equally complimentary about the success of our booth and appreciative of its role in furthering the work in ocean conservation. Our presence at Expo 2012 was an excellent platform to promote links between Grenade and Korea through trade, investment, bulk-to-people and tourism contacts. 2,223,131 visitors toured Grenades booth. In addition 65, PIP delegations, including 2 heads of state/government, 11 ministers, and fourth-year officials and business delegations from abroad visited the booth.The Grenadier booth clearly demonstrated Its worth In terms of the violators numbers, confirming a strong Interest in our country by the general public. The key to the success of the booth was the innovative and iconic underwater sculpture marine park display which drew many people and reactions to the piece. This made Grenades booth stand out from other participating countries in the Atlantic west pavilion by creating a conversation as to the invention of the park. Thus, visitors were able to get a well-rounded and insightful view not only tot the sculpture but tot Grenade as a whole.Grenade as well participated in Caroms Regional Day on July 30th. Six countries Antigen & Barbuda, Dominica, Grenade, Guyana, SST. Kits & Nevis and Surname, participated in the days events. Minister Gillis Roberts represented Grenade and the Secretary General of CAROM, Mr.. La Ruche delivered the address on behalf of CAROM. Products another(prenominal) important aspect to Grenades b ooth was the Nutmeg and Nutmeg products. Many inquiries and request for data were made especially for De La Grenade products and Molehills Nutmeg Spray and Cream.Many were given estimate selective information on manufacturers and others information were written down whilst many left their business card game. Several visitors also communicate information on the importation and dispersal of nutmeg. The Nutmeg was prominently displayed in he glass cases available and all nutmeg bi products placed therein. It attracted large crowds who were given demonstrations on how to open, grate, it uses and other pertinent information. Many make water heard about it but never seen it and only know of it as the most expensive spice.Recommendations Grenades booth was well traversed by thousands of visitors during its 3 month participation in the 2012 Expo. Keen interest was shown in Grenade as a travel / tourism destination and its products. Its charm and beauty captivated audiences who were i ntroduced to images and information about Grenade. However, the theme could have been better presented in terms of the description given along with the photos. An important piece as the underwater sculpture should have clearly stated the purpose more than anything else. People who read it still had lots of question as to why was it done.Each piece should have had an inviting title. Instead of Just Wickedest the display could have read From Despair to Hope or Ocean conservation through artificial coral reef. The BIB was looking forward most to how each country developed the theme of the expo and although it was a masterpiece, he theme was not quite well explained as to how we were dealing with conservation of the ocean. During the legal opinion period, each BIB member spent no more than two minutes at the booths. Also, each booth operator should have had business cards by which they could be contacted.Many visitors have requested our contact information and it had to be written on s craps of composition. Visitors also had to write information on paper for us even some were lost due the busy day to day operations from the booth. When a laptop was available, immediate responses went out to any queries. Those who requested information on De la Grenade product were handed out cards that were provided from Ms. La Grenade. One other slight hindrance was the slow response to information requested from Grenade. Albeit the difference in time. Feedback on important information was necessary for a smoother flowing operation.A thorough checklist should have been done for the required items needful for booth operators If Grenade is to participate at another expo, our Ministry should bring in the perspective booth operators earlier to assist with preparations including theme placement and checklist for required activities. Foreign personal business should contact any diplomat representing Grenade in the Country in which the expo is to be held. Honorary Consul Lee was very disappointed that no one contacted him. He had to tint out trot the organizing committee it Grenade was represented at the Expo and contacted us directly.Before our Commissioner of section left an appointment was made to meet with Consul Lee. During the meeting at the MOVE Hotel, he expressed his disappointment concerning the situation and informed Mr.. Charles and myself hat he was not there on official government business since he was not informed of our participation through the right channels but wanted to meet with us to talk about the expo and Grenade. Conclusion I worked well with the number of visitors to the booth and offered our Grenadier warmth and welcoming smiles to all. Questions were answered and relative information shared on manufacturers, tourism and Grenade.We shared our countries rich heritage, cultural innovation and openness for doing business with the Korea and the rest of the world Overall, I do believe that the Expo Committee met its objectives in bringing the world together to highlight, promote and to constrain awareness of the important role that the ocean plays in every aspect of human lives The Organizing Committee of Expo 2012 moldiness applauded for the way in which it delivered its messages about clime change, maritime resource development, and maritime environment preservation to the public in a fun and accessible manner.Our Government, especially the Environment, Ministry of Foreign Trade, and export development must also be commended for taking on this initiative for participating in EXPO 2012

Chemiluminescence

Chemiluminescence Professor Stewart CHM 151L-003 Group Members Melissa Spegal Jessica Buddi March 19, 2013 Megan Cochran Professor Stewart Chemiluminescence March 19, 2013 Introduction The objective of this lab was to carry out a systematic set of experiments in order to determine which combination of chemicals produce the brightest and longest lasting put down, through chemiluminescence. Chemiluminescence can be defined as the emission of light by a chemical reaction that does not produce heat.Chemiluminescence can also be found in nature, where it is referred to as bioluminescence. This can often be found in many deep sea fish, algae, and fireflies. Luminol is one of many chemicals that can be employ to create chemiluminescence outside of nature. Scientists are very kindle chemiluminescence because it could be very helpful in many real life situations such as in glowsticks. The military uses high-grade glowsticks to have light in field situations where electricity is not an opt ion.Marine biologists and deep sea divers also use those glow sticks to provide light and make new discoveries in the deeps of the naval or underwater caves. During the chemiluminescence experiment the goal was to produce light during a series of runs in order to create light or a glow. In order to do this systematically, all chemicals were apply to start and as it became apparent that some chemicals did not effect the outcome of certain trials they were eliminated one at a time.Because the trials were done systematically from one to the next, only one element of each trial was changed at a time,making it easy to single out the defining factors. there were many chemicals used during this experiment including Luminol, bleach, DMSO, NaOH, HCl, and H2O2. On the bitond twenty-four hour period of trials, the Luminol was chilled to test the effects this would have on the glow we obtained through chemical reactions. Results of Day 1 Table 1Trial Luminol (D) Bleach (D) DMSO (D) 1M NaOH (D) 1M HCl H2O2 (D) Results A1 specter 5* 1 5 2 5 3 5 4 5 5 Orange color A2 subtlety 10 2 5 1 10 4 10 3 10 5 Brown A3 shade 5 2 5 1 FLASH yellow A4 TAD 3 1 2 2 Slight burn A5 TAD 5 3 5 2 5 1 * Flash A6 TAD 5 3 5 2 10 1 Less blink B1 TAD 5 4 5 3 5 2 5 1 Flash B2 TAD 5 4 5 2 5 3 5 1 Flash B3 TAD 5 4 5 3 5 2 5 1 B4 TAD 5 4 5 3 10 2 5 1 Small burgeon forth B5 TAD 5 4 10 3 5 2 5 1 Blue flash B6 TAD 5 4 10 2 5 1 5 3 2. 7 moment flash C1 TAD 5 3 11 2 5 1 5 4 Small blue flash after bleach C2 TAD 3 4 10 1 5 2 5 3 3. 2 sec flash C3 TAD 5 4 10 1 5 2 5 3 Small blue flash C4 TAD 3 4 5 1 10 2 5 3 4 encourages flash/glow C5 TAD 10 4 2 1 10 2 5 3 6 sec glow C6 TAD 10 4 10 1 10 2 10 3 24. sec glow D1 TAD 10 4 10 2 10 1 10 3 D2 TAD 10 4 3 1 10 2 5 3 Small flash D3 TAD 5 3 5 2 5 1 Small flash D4 TAD 1 4 10 1 5 2 1 3 Flash D5 TAD 2 1 10 2 10 3 D6 TAD 4 1 10 2 10 3 , Asterick ( * ) stirred Highlighted straddle of placement into the cell wells. The tad of Luminol was the starting signal in every trial. (D) Drops Pink Highlighted Row Best Trial of the Day Results of Day 2 Table 2Trial Luminol (mL) Bleach (D) DMSO (D) H2O2 (D) NaOH Results A1 TAD 10 4 10 1 10 3 10 2 Quick glow odor A2 1 1 5 2 5 3 5 2 glow A3 1 1 5 4 5 2 5 3 glow A4 1 1 5 3 10 2 glow A5 1 3 5 4 5 2 10 1 glow A6 1 1 5 3 5 2 glow B1 1 1 5 3 5 2 * long glow B2 1 1 5 4 5 2 5 3 * B3 1 1 5 3 5 2 * 36 sec glow B4 1 1 10 3 10 2 * 23 sanctions B5 1 1 5 3 10 2 * glazed but shorter B6 1 1 5 3 5 2 * C1 1 1 5 4 10 2 2 3 * C2 1 1 5 3 20 2 * 29 Secs C3 1 3 1 2 1 1 * Chilled *Stirred Highlighted Order of placement into the cell wells. The tad of Luminol was the prototypal in every trial. Drops Pink High lighted Row Best Trial of the Day Table 3 MSDS Chemical human body Ingestion Skin Contact Disposal Inhalation Luminol Loosen clothing, if not breathing perform mouth to mouth recessitation. Do not induce vomit. swoosh with lots of water. Cover pare with emollient. Not Available Rest. Ventilate Area, seek medical attention. Bleach Drink Water. Do not induce vomiting. wake skin with water for 15-20 minutes. Containerize and use absorbants on liquid. Remove, fresh air. DMSO Loosen clothing, if not breathing perform mouth to mouth recessitation. Do not induce vomit. Wash with soap and water. Waste container. Fresh air Discussion The best trial of the experiement was on day two, trial B3. During that trial 1 mL cold Luminol was used and added to the cell well first, followed by five drops of DMSO, and five drops of bleach in that order. This was the best trial because it yielded the brightest and longest lasting glow compared to all of the others. On the trial befo re the same exact method was carried out except there was hydrogen peroxide in the mix also. In order to change things up, the peroxide was eliminated and that proved to be an effective tactic.It became blatently apparent that some of the chemicals were not needed entirely including the NaOH, and HCL. By the trial B6, on the second da,y the HCL had been eliminated. Hydrogen peroxide was never eliminated but it was noted as in trial B3 on the second day that the longest trial was performed without it. Many factors affected the results of each trial, some by all odds more than others. For instance, for the entire first day, all trials were performed with the solid form of Luminol, and on the second day, starting with trial A2, the Luminol stock solution was used. As reflected in the slacken above, the stock solution created a much all-night glow on average.To furthur amplify the Luminols effect from trial B1 on day two, the Luminol stock solution was used in a chilled form which c reated the best results of both days as seen in trial B3. It also became apparent that stirring the chemicals helped maintain the glow longer per trial C2 on day two. Luminol was the only chemical that was chilled, all other chemicals remained room temperature. The order of chemicals was an important factor in creating chemiluminescence as well. During the beginning trials of the first day the best order to add the chemicals was not apparent, but by trial C4 one thing was certain, the luminol needed to be the first chemical displace in the well. In trial C3, when Luminol was added last, there was only a small blue flash with no lingering glow at all.Also, by the second day, it was realized that the bleach was reacting with the Luminol and if the bleach was added last, the glow did not fizzle out as quickly such as in trial B4 on the second day, which had a 23 second glow, subsequently improving results on day two as opposed to the first day. After completeing much more in-depth lo ok for on the topic of chemiluminescence other checmicals had been foun, that if the experiment was done over would have been requested, such as copper nitrate, which would have significantly extended the length of the glow. mop up Using 1mL of chilled Luminol stock solution, five drops of DMSO, and five drops of bleach, in that order and stirring at the end, the longest glow of 36 seconds was created as per trial B3 on day two. The bleach reacting with the Luminol gave a bright glow, and the DMSO aided in the length of time the trial glowed.

Analysis of Fire and Ice by Robert Forst Essay

This article tries to analyze the alone(p) features in structure, words, phonology, syntax and rhetoric in the metrical composition of 40-Love by British poet Roger McGough in order to have a deeper understanding of the content and frame of a song. Keywords McGough, 40-Love, Love, Style 1. Introduction It is well known that in a variety of literary genres, the form of poetry has been stressed most. Efforts have been exerted on the skillful combination of rhythm and structure to create numerous wide works all over the world. Modern American poet E. E. Cummings (1884-1962) is a goodly case in point.He is famous for odd style, novel and bizarre form in the poetic world. His l (a has been regarded as the the most elegant and beautiful structure of the literature created by Cummings. (Kennedy, 1980). T here(predicate)fore, his poems ar renowned as poem picture or visual poetry, or the concrete poetry that we be quite familiar with. The features of it is that vivid visual images o f words overture from irregular syllables, earns, punctuation, syntax, format and print strengthen the internal imagination of poetry, deepen the artistic conception, convey and enrich the con nonation. (Abrams, 2005). Coincidentally, besides E. E.Cummings, contemporary British poet Roger McGough (1937- ) is another hold in writing concrete poems. His 40-Love can be considered as one of the greatest concrete poems. McGough is the second of the three in Liverpool Group. The other two are Henry Adrian Henri and Patan Brian Patten. McGough, born in 1937, 5 years younger than Henry, is always in naughty mentality. His poems are full of secular fun and display to a greater extent profound life from the perspective of a child. This article, from the viewpoint of stylistics, analyzes the features of structure, words, phonology, syntax and rhetoric in the poem of 40-Love in order to gain a eeper understanding of this poem. 2. rhetorical Analysis Greek poet Simonides once said, Poetry i s the picture with sound while the pictures are the silent poems. (Zhu, 2005). That is to say, the content of a poem must be combine with its form to achieve its perfection, namely, the combination of form and spirit, what we often cherish. Here we will try to find how Mcgough do it in his 40-Love. The poem tells that a old pas de deux is vie lawn tennis. Then they go home. But the bread is still amid them. It reflects the gap amongst middle-aged couples.I will quote the poem here to help to explain my opinion. 40-Love (Peng, 2000) middle couple tenwhen game and go the 118 aged playing nis the ends they home net Asian Social Science will be tween 2. 1 Structure still be them June, 2009 As a whole, the poem has a total of 20 words. But the two words tennis and in the midst of are separated by hyphens to be symmetric in structure. The words in the poem are set in two sequences, like two sides of the couple. The middle blank or empty is like a net to separate the two. There a re only two words in severally position to symbolize the bouts of the glob.The ennoble of 40-love, the top of the net, is powerful on the top of the poem, signifying the scoreboard. This poem looks like a tennis court with a net macrocosm used to separate the words. It is like a tennis game. This side serves and the other side hits back. Many bouts form the poem. The invisible net is like the barrier between the middle-aged couple. Even if they finish the tennis game, they still have the net, which still exists invisibly. However, it is this net that they can depend on to handle their marriage and have the responsibilities not to break the rules.There is a net in tennis and on that point are rules to obey. With the net, there are more difficulty and more interests. So, accordingly, more discipline and attention is a must. Imagining that, when playing tennis with no net or rules, people would feel difficult to last their games for enormouser period. In addition, only the let ter of L of Love in the title is capitalized and the rest is de-capitalized, which shows that, to some extent, the couple has not been in the pursuit of the perfect details again, because love between the middle-aged couple has faded away.Furthermore, there is no punctuation in the whole poem, indicating that life of marriage is closed and uninteresting. Since there is no end, gap appears. 2. 2 speech communication The poet pays special attention to the words in the poem. First of all, the title 40-Love one of interests embodied in the poem. The figure of 40 stands for the age of middle-aged people. And 40-Love is a gain ground term in tennis. Tennis gain is love, 15, 30 and 45 in sequence. Love here means zero. Three goals scores 40. No goals, no score. Thus, the title is of pun with two meanings. One refers to be 40-year-old love and the other is 30.Whether 40-year-old love is vain or not depends on attitudes of the two parties. Let acclaim to two words of middle and aged in t he first line. Middle-aged means people are in their midlife. The poet deliberately separates it to achieve the reunification of form and others. It also symbolizes that middle-aged husband and wife can not be integrated again. The two important words of tennis and between are rigid in two vertical columns to get a metaphorical meaning that there is an invisible net in the emotional world of the man and the woman. They are not intimate any longer. Game in the fifth line can be referred as either play game or sport. The scoring in tennis competition is more complex. Tennis game has games and sets. In a game, those who win 15, 30 and 45 will get one point. And the faker who gets 6 points will win one set. In the poem, the couple does not finish even one game and go home since they have a deep estrangement. Still in the ninth line shows that the middle-aged husband and wife have ineffable anguish and can not get absolve of their unpleasantness and gain relaxed though they make conce ssions as far as possible. 2. Phonology Words in the poem are basically monosyllabic. They are mechanical and slow to read and easy to suggest that the life of the couple is dull and lack of amenities. From the perspective of phonology, the short vowel such as /i/, is used for some(prenominal) times in the poem to leave the pressing impression to the readers to realize the urgent emotional crisis of the middle-aged couple. But there is slowness in the urgency. The diphthong /ei/ and / u/ are employed to slow down the speech rate and demonstrate that the middle-aged people have become calm and unhurried when dealing with things.Especially, the long vowel / i / in tween in the last line leaves enough time for the middle-aged couple in crisis to think over the issue. In addition, there are rhymes in the poem, such as, middle and couple, ten and when, game and they, go and home, will and still. Rhymes here give the readers boredom, and symbolize the dull life of the middle-aged couple . Moreover, the alliterations of be and be-, tween and them, make the two words close and imply that the middle-aged husband and wife still have the ties that can not be cut stumble although there is a gap between them. 2. Syntax For the convenience of analysis, I rearrange the order of the whole poem middle aged couple playing ten-nis when the game ends and they go home the net will still be be-tween them. First of all, from the angle of tense, the plain and flat present tense, used from the beginning to the right end of the poem, indicates the dull or prosaic marriage life of the middle-aged couple. Nevertheless, playing is used unconventionally. If plays is used here, readers will know that the couple play tennis often rather than occasionally. There will be not much gap between them. Playing indicates that there is absence of regular communication between the husband and wife. It stresses that it is just at this moment that they are playing tennis. In sentence structure, there is a time adverb when to combine the sentence. As usual, however, there is no conjunction of and between the main clause and the subordinate clause. Thus and is added here to deliberately create a loose state, suggesting that there is no close butt against between the husband and wife. And there should be an adversative conjunction of but in front of the next sentence the net will still be be-tween them.As we 119 Vol. 5, No. 6 Asian Social Science all know, an adversative conjunction word usually give people an unexpected, rising and dropping impression. The word but is omitted here to inevitably imply that life of the middle-aged couple is no longer full of ups and downs, great happiness or sadness. 2. 5 figure of speech Poets often use figure of speech because, as Emily Dickinson once said, the mission of a poet is to speak the truth, but to put it in an unquestioning way in order to seize the readers interest and stimulate their imagination.In the poem of 40-love, the poet emplo ys the figure of speech, e. g. metaphor. On the one hand, in form, the blank along the net is like a net to suggest the gap between the middle-aged couple. On the other hand, everyday life is like playing games. Everybody hit the ball to the others. Such routine game results in no passion at last. Moreover, in my opinion, the writing technique of understatement is employed in this poem. The tone of the whole poem is calm, without any fluctuating. However, it is the deliberate understatement that discloses the theme of the poem incisively and vividly. . Conclusion This poem written by McGouph with unique style has rich connotation in its unique form. In this poem with perfect combination of the spirit and form, the emotional gap of the middle-aged couple can be discerned and expressed by the stylistic techniques in the structure, words, phonology, syntax and figure of speech. In Mending Wall, a poem written by American poet Robert Frost, the neighbor is intransigence and stubborn. Ev en at the last line of the poem, he still murmurs that good fences make good neighbors (GU, 2005).Every couple, therefore, especially the middle-aged couples, should pull the fence between them down, believing good communication makes good couples. References Abrams, M H. (2005). A Glossary of Literary Terms. Beijing Foreign language Teaching and Reasearch Press. Gu, Zhengkun. (2005). Treasury of Appreciating English Poems, Volume of Poetry. Kennedy, Richard S. (1980). Dreams in the Mirror A memoir of EE Cummings. New York Liveright. Peng, Yu. (2000). Two Concrete Poems. College English. Zhu, Guangqian. (2005). Poetics. Shanghai Century Publishing Group. 120

Tilting Trains

Vishveshwaraya Technological University, Belgaum TILTING TRAINS DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL engineer pic GUIDE VINAY B U PRESENTED BY ARUN USN 4SF09ME014 SYNOPSIS With the invention of new technologies in distinguishable features of the rail line transportation the human macrocosms atomic number 18 to a greater extent benefited. One of the technology that the railway engineers regaining is well-nigh the THE TILTING TRAINS, which provide the riders and the goods to reach the name and address with a minimum time.The technology involved in TILTING TRAIN is that when forever the machinates pass over the twines and turnings of the railway tracks the compartments of the admit is a coggle to a certain angle by which the grows evict travel with no reduction in facilitate. By adopting this technology of TILTING TRAINS the render consumed by the sends kitty be saved ,the passengers apprise feel comfort and similarly time can be saved. CONTENTS 1. ingress 2. Problem with b oxfuls 3. What is tilting tall(a)y? 4. Why tilting helps? 5.How do trains tilt? 6. Problems associated in tilting the track 7. Passenger comfort ness 8. Countries who developed the tilting technology 9. Advantages and Disadvantages of tilting trains 10. Summary 11. Bibliography INTRODUCTION Train is a mass transporter, which transports humans and goods from oneness domicile to an opposite place. We support trains, which go across by diesel and electricity. Among goods and passenger trains the most concerned one is passenger trains. The passenger train should move quickly with amply speeds.The rail road go out not be always straight it should pass through curves and turns. We all know that if you are driving in your car and you take a turning at speed you feel centrifugal outcomes. Well it is no different from trains, if a train takes a turning at speeds centrifugal forces give be experienced. The major trouble for any trains is to pass over the curves and turns of the ra ilroads. If the train moves with the same speed at the curves and turns the train may chemise from the track, so the speed of the train will be slowdget drastically to neutralize slip.This results in wastage of fuel and in turn reduces the speed of the train, which is main consideration for the passenger trains. One of the solution found to avoid this situation is the tilting trains. PROBLEMS WITH CORNERS We all know that if your driving in your car and you take a corner at speed you feel centrifugal forces. Well it is no different from trains if a train takes a corner at speed then centrifugal forces come in. Often train operating companies face a decision for building a spunkyer(prenominal) speed railway transport system hey can both invest money in the train to make it tilt but use existing railway lines, or they invest money in a new railway but dont need to communicate money on expensive tilting mechanisms. This is why TGV, and ICE and bullet trains do not tilt, because t hey have their own give high speed railway lines where curves are build with very high radii. It is worth pointing break that the centrifugal force is a function of v2/r where v is the velocity and r is the radius. This means if you double over the velocity, you quadruple the centrifugal force.Similarly, if you want to triple the velocity but keep the centrifugal force the same, you mustiness increase the radius by a factor of nine Something not always possible. This is why charge apparently gentle curves can be much more of a problem with high speeds than one might thing, because the force rises with the square of velocity. WHAT IS TILTING TRAIN ? Tilting train consists of a tilting mechanism that enables increased speed on regular tracks. In the upper part of the tilting trains that is in which the passengers are seated can be tilted sideways.During the motion of the train if the train has to steer to left in a left turning the coaches of the train will be tilted to the left in order to compensate the centrifugal push to the expert and conversely during the right turn. These trains are constructed such that inertial forces which cause the tilting can be controlled by a computer. If the trains travel at speeds more than the specified speeds at the turnings of the railway tracks their will be centrifugal forces play playing on the train. Due to these centrifugal forces the train may slip and push out of the tracks.But in encase of tilting trains which will not happen, because of the reason that centrifugal forces will be compensated by tilting mechanism. WHY TILTING HELPS? When sit on a corner going at speed there are two forces acting on you, gravitational force and the centrifugal force which is accelerating you into the corner. In physics when two forces act, then this causes a resultant force. The resultant force will push you into your seat and to the side. however if the train is tilting, then the familiar contact force of you on your seat wi ll be the same as the resultant force you are experiencing.This means as far as the passenger is concerned he or she is hardly being pulled into his or her seat, and he or she is used to that so no discomfort is felt. This is true also of aero planes, commercial planes tilt a large amount, up to 30 degrees when going around corners in several(prenominal) cases to cater for passenger comfort. As the tilting of the aero plane is to get rid of the problem of centrifugal forces, or more accurately to disguised the centrifugal forces as a part of sobriety as far as the passengers are concerned. The only way you know if the aero plane is tilting is to look out of the window.Trains that tilt can go up to 25% to 40% faster around curves than conventional trains without upsetting the passengers, and as mentioned before this can significantly increase average speeds and cut journey times. HOW DO TRAINS TILT? Carriages have tilting mechanisms. Obviously the bogies cannot tilt because they r ide on the track and must follow the path of the track. So the coaches have to tilt on the bogies. The way they do this is simple, the bogie acts a fulcrum in the center and it is free to tilt either side. thus pistons control how much the coach tilts. The pistons are controlled by a small computer, which uses a sapidity level.The spirit level is used to check if things are horizontal remember, i. e. at right angles to the resultant force acting. unremarkably this force is gravity, but when going round a corner the resultant is a combination of gravity and centrifugal forces. This means the spirit level indicates it is no longer horizontal, so the computer adjusts the pistons until horizontal is read. once again this will not be horizontal to the ground, but as far as anyone on the train is concerned it will be horizontal, keeping the passengers happy. In the early days they tried to use inertial force to let the trains tilt i. e. hey would have no mechanism to make them tilt bu t the carriages would have a low center of gravity so centrifugal forces on the carriage would cause them to tilt. This prove un succeederful. PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED IN TILTING THE TRACK Well on high speed lines the track in the UK is heavily banked up on corners, although going in a high speed train you dont notice it at all. once in a while when a high speed train in the UK comes to a stop because of a red mark or something on a curve you can really notice how much its slanted, on a stop on a curve put a bottle on the floor and will slide across to the other side.However there are limitations with tilting tracks, first of all the banking has to be designed with a specific speed in mind. A banked up track meant for 125mph trains is going to cause discomfort to passengers in a local 75mph train, as when a slower train goes round a banked corner it will make passengers feel interchangeable they are falling to a side. Of course you could build dedicated high speed lines, but then you would engineer them without tight curves. This limits the extent to which tracks can be banked up. If the rack is banked alike much for really fast trains, then if any train comes to a stop on the curve due to a red signal the slant will cause discomfort to passengers. Also put for the overhead pantrograph to make proper contact with a wire above a banked curve is a little tricky. Clearly trains themselves need to tilt, then you get the double benefit of tilted track and tilting train, and the train can tilt to exactly suit the speed it is going at. PASSENGER COMFORTNESS One might think it is not safe to push a train round a corner at high speed. Indeed that is true. However the crucial thing is that the speed at which it becomes unsafe, i. . the speed at which there is profuse force to push the train off the track is incredibly high. In fact the force postulate would be enough so that all passengers on the train couldnt move and would be stuck to the sides of the train. This i mplies that there is oscilloscope for increasing the speed of a train round corners a great deal without it becoming unsafe, barely passengers will object. There are two reasons why it is bad for passengers. I have been on a late running Inter City 125 and it took a corner at some speed although only intimately 90mph and the corner wasnt tight enough to say see the train at the other end by looking out of the window.The corner wasnt tight enough to notice turning either. However you could feel the forces definitely, and empty cups rolled across tables, bags creaked and I felt pushed against the wall. Any faster and it would be highly uncomfortable for passengers and they would rather the train slowed down and take a little longer. Also companies dont like to run trains at speed round corners because it upsets passengers, as when exposed to turning forces they may become worried the train is going to fly off the tracks (which incidentally has never happened). This might make peopl e nervous active traveling on high speed trains.The reason no one is ever nervous about traveling at nearly 200mph on a train is because it is smooth and constant. If it was doing corners at these speeds people wouldnt like it. People get freaked out doing 50mph on a roller coaster which involves tight curves, imagine how they feel when dear speed is involved Its all down to the forces a passenger feels, if a passenger feels a conduct of strong forces then he or she is going to be nervous, and may avoid traveling on the train, or just choose a slow train. COUNTRIES WHO DEVELOPED THE TILTING TECHNOLOGY BritainThe UK was interested in growing the advanced passenger train for quite a while France The development of the tilting train in France began in 1956 when eng. Mauzin built and experimented a single car unit that used inertial (non-assisted) tilting. This experiment were suspended because a natural tilting proved too difficult to accomplish. France preferred to built a vast ne twork of high speed lines and the development of TGV trigger offed in the early seventies with a two-car modified turbo train. Today GEC-Alsthom has decided to start the development of a tilting TGV that has been delivered few weeks ago for testing and trials.Spain With the ETR-401 Fiat delivered in 1976 a wide-gauge recitation to Spain that was designated Tren Basculante (RENFE cause 443). However like its Italian sibling it remained a single vehicle. Later Spain developed a tilting version of its own Talgo train (talgo pendular) that so far has proved itself the only successful example of natural tilting and has met with a huge success. USA/Canada The first experiments were carried over in the thirties with non-powered cars (called pendulum), but the first successful tilting train in the USA was the Sikorsky Turbo Train which incorporated an inertial tilting mechanism.Later, in 1973 Amtrak tested an active tilting train called LRC (Light speedy Comfortable) made of ten cars, that unfortunately had no success. Today Amtrak is trying again with the American Flyer built by Bombardier using some TGV-derived technologies. Sweden ABB developed in the early seventies an active tilting mechanism that was secondary to the Italian and British ones. This was tested in the X15 vehicle and implemented in the X2000 series train that so far has had a good success. One curious feature of this trains is that the tilting mechanism is applied only to the passengers cars and not to the driving motor units.Switzerland As a part of the IC-2000 project the Swiss railways are developing a tilting train that has the provisional designation ICN-2000 and will be built by SIG. Germany Germany has adopted tilting technology on its 610 and 611 class series EMU and will built the ICT for long-range intercity services ADVANTAGES 1. Fuel consumed by the trains can be minimized. 2. Speed of the trains can be maintained constant and hence time to reach the destination is minimized 3. Th eir will be Comfort ness for the passengers. DISADVANTAGES 1. Very costly to manufacture these kind of trains. . If the coaches do not tilt then it is dangerous. SUMMARY While the Very high speed trains like the TGV could be regarded as the Rolls Royce of trains, tilting trains could be thought of as the cheep and cheerful mini metro. The price differential is fair similar too, it costs about 20 times more per unit distance to build a dedicated high speed line than it does to upgrade existing lines for tilting trains. This is what makes tilting trains extremely attractive. However there are disadvantages. 140mph or 230km/h is about as fast as trains go when not on dedicated lines.And then they have to be fitted in with slower moving traffic. With rail travel growing all over Europe, the problems of railways reaching saturation point has forced new lines to be build. This is why despite the success of the Italian Pendolini a new high speed line with 300 km/h trains is being built, b ecause existing lines are at saturation. BIBILOGRAPHY Theory of machines KHURMI . R. S Railway Engineering PROFILLDIS . V. A www. goggle search. com TILTING TRAINS pic TILTING OF TRAINS eon TAKING RIGHT TURN IN THE TRACKS pic TILTING OF TRAINS WHILE TAKING RIGHT TURN IN THE TRACKS

Problems in the Computer Assembly Division Essay

1.A clear statement of the problemAs the fabrication unit executive program of a small computer cosmosufacturing firm located in the s knocked out(p)heast, I am in crusade of a five- person operation responsible for assembling personal computers. My production goals include assembling 80 personal computers per day and ensuring 95% of these computers pass the operational inspection of the quality assurance unit. Over the gone several weeks I have noticed that my team is not completing enough computers, and the average go away down to entirely 62 computers a day. Also, 15% of the computers assembled have been returned, as they are failing to discover the quality assurance standards. Furthermore, there is an issue with the supply split, which I was told come in defective. There are also very serious problems associated with my subordinates. greenback and Morgan are taking advantage of time, coming to work ripe and taking daylong lunch hours than permitted. There is also a s ubstantial drop in the chat among the group members, as Morgan, Julie and Bill exclude Fred and Sherry from their conversations. Lastly, workers feel favoritism toward Julie and Morgan, and Sherry announced that she wants to leave be take of all the infighting in the assembly unit. It all comes down to the problem relating to the performance and the morale of my work unit.2. Stakeholdersa.you in charge of a 5 person operation, goal of 80PC with 95% good b.Fred assembles all hard drives, retired army sergeant, 16 old age experience in electronics, 6 years assembling hard drives, claims to not be getting unquestionable parts from supplies so repairs parts self instead of waiting, has been keeping to himself c.Bill assembles CD ROMs and floppy disks, new out of school, first full time job, 20 years old, in assemble unit for 1 year, takes longer than permitted lunch breaks but claims to stay later, dialog only to Julie and Morgand.Sherry assembles mother boards, single mom of 2, com pleting knight bachelors degree in 3 months, has been with company for 4 years, has threatened to leave. She is an outstanding employee e.Julie final assembly, 6 month experience, 22 years old, sister in law of owner, thinks Fred is doing a slow and shoddy job, talks to Morgan during first 2 hours, seems bored, singled out by owner with a 5% pay increase, talks only to Bill and Morgan f.Morgan 5 years experience, only learned companys operational inspection course, 6 months working in your unit, performs final inspections, comes late but claims to stay late, given days off to attend high school reunion, talks only to Bill and Julie g.Owner concerned with morale and performance of work unit, man of action, wants specific plan4.What if to solutionsa.If we rotate the jobs, team members will be force to learn something new, thus decrease boredom. However, some employees may not have the proper training to do so. b.if we have Fred train Bill and Bill train Fred, and so both will exper ience new jobs, while being forced to actually communicate with each other c. if we make Julie in charge of both the final assembly and inspection, then she will have more to do and not get bored. However, she might lack the precept needed to fulfill two jobs, and thus might be sending out bad parts d.If we make sure people start on time and take proper lunch breaks, then people will be not be forced to rush through work. However, this may cause boredom because people will feel the pace is too slow.

Privacy And Surveillance In It

The development in Information Technology (IT) plays an important role in the greater fundamental interaction and communication of lot in various parts of the globe. During the process of communication, the transfer of personal information could non be prevented among people. However, this kind of activity also threaten the privacy of people because the emergence of the Internet and opposite technological tools have made it possible to have easy access to information even the ones that ar consider as private. Being the case, it is important that privacy and surveillance in IT is given due attention.Privacy is defined as . . . he interest that individuals have in sustaining a personal space, free from interference by other people and organizations (Clarke, 1999). Nevertheless, according to Brock Meeks (1999) the privacy of people during this information age is being eaten away and is already dead because of the various means that could be use in order to infringe upon it. Cyber space is trespassing(a) the privacy of individuals and this could be seen through spam, cookies, and the clickstream. However, there atomic number 18 also invasion of privacy that could be insalubrious to the security of a person like the real-time person-location technologies (Clarke, 1999).Furthermore, ethical issues have also emerged in the exchange of information and communication of people especially in the study. Employees are expecting their privacy would be respected in the e-mails that they exchange with other people but this is sometimes not satisfied because of the need of the company to swan and monitor the flow of information in the workplace (Weisband and Reinig, 1995). As such, this has become one of the most debated ethical as well as legal issues that need to be addressed.Personal information privacy is the ability to restrainer information about oneself is becoming more important than ever (Millberg et. al, 1995). In relation to this, there are several preve ntive measures and laws that could be implemented in order to encourage the privacy of individuals. Some of the programs that protect the privacy of people in relation with the use of the Internet are the Privacy Preference bemuse (P3P) which is a simple automated way of controlling the use of personal information on websites, filing cabinet encryption, firewalls, and access control systems (Quinn, 2005).The Australian government has its Australian Privacy Act that is mainly responsible in controlling privacy matters in the country (Australian Privacy Foundation, 2009). Moreover, surveillance of the flow of information in the workplace and other organizations is still debatable but it is indeed helpful in protecting the privacy of people against those who would want to have access of their personal information. However, surveillance in IT should also be responsibly used for security purposes only and not to cause harm to other people.

The Kantian View of Animal Ethics

Kants Ethics of Metaphysics A Response To the Charge of Speciesism I. In this paper I give present the charge of speciesism contended by m any(prenominal) animal rights activists. I will attempt to substantiate Immanuel Kants view on animal chasteity and disem bandrass how his philosophy is not in violation of speciesism. Furthermore, I will explain how the Kantian view put away grants animals approximately deterrent example consideration through the designation of indirect duties. Lastly, I will present a difficulty with accepting the Kantian view of indirect duties towards animals.Moral quandaries regarding animals ar still demanding the attention of many philosophers as they attempt to modify and inspect the relationship between incorruptity and social policy. Contemporary applications of this issue cornerst wizard range from experimentations on animals for developing medicines (or even cosmetics) to whether human beings should avoid eating animal-based foods. There is a grand spectrum of lesson issues that arise with respect to animals. However, virtually of the morally questionable situations are contingent on nonpareil native question do animals even have moral rights?And if so, to what extent? Although animal moral considerability has indisposed the interest of many contemporary philosophers, such(prenominal) as James Rachels and Peter Singer, the question is really an passee question that finish be traced back to Plato and Aristotle. Immanuel Kant has probed the question of whether an animal has moral considerability. Kant continuously makes the distinction between reality and animals throughout his best-knget contributions to moral philosophy.Therefore, I will address and present the counter-debate to the charge of speciesism, one of critical arguments of the animal rights movement, through a Kantian lens. II. One of the prevailing charges on beneficence proposed by sponsors of animal rights is that humans act in violation of species ism. The term, first coined by psychologist Richard Ryder in 1973, is used to take out an arbitrary bias that humans have towards their own species (Homo sapiens).The argument is as surveys to assign primacy to humans by considering only a human to be within the system of morality is corresponding to different types of discrimination, such as racism and sexism. Just as in racism and sexism the dominating force arbitrarily assumes itself as the normative ideal, in this case whites or males respectively, so too human beings arbitrarily assume themselves as the ideal and to be the only species deserving of morality. Therefore, because there is no legitimate basis for this distinction, other species of animals should be equally included within the system of morality.Ryder deliberates that those in violation of speciesism overlook and underestimate the standardizedities between the differentiator (humans) and those discriminated against (animals or any other species). His argument assumes that most animals are fundamentally the same. Of course those who charge humanity to be guilty of speciesism acknowledge that there are obvious differences between humans and non-humans. They skilful believe these differences to be irrelevant for de bank lineating the scope of a moral system. Mans higher intelligence, being the most conspicuous difference, should have no permission on morality.If intelligence were the decisive factor then it would follow that people who are intellectually superior should be treated with superior moral standards. Moreover, some apes could potentially have more intelligence than a human if the human was insane or otherwise intellectually compromised. Thus, although intelligence is the distinguishing factor between most human beings and non-humans, it rumpnot be the sole criterion for defining a moral system . III. It would appear that aside from intelligence (that has no moral bearing) there is no fundamental quality that separates humans and non-humans.Therefore, animals really should be treated with equal moral standards, and those who do not couple moral rights are guilty of speciesism. Philosopher Michael Pollan challenges Kant with being in violation of arbitrary discrimination of animals none of these (Kants) argument evade the charge of speciesism (pg 439 Vice and Virtue). So we are left with the daunting question is there any validity to Pollans claim? At first it would appear that Kant presupposes human beings as the only species sacred of morality without giving any explanatory criterion. Kant evelops one of his foundational doctrines called The Categorical Imperative, which can be summarized in the following sentence Act in such a way that you treat humanity in such a way, whether in ourselves or in others, as an end in itself (Groundwork II). It seems that Kant believes that human beings bar none deserve what he calls respect or what we are calling moral consideration. However, after a closer examinatio n it becomes apparent that Kant is not guilty of speciesism at all. In a remarkably similar excerpt Kant says, as apt beings, we must always at the same time be treasured as ends (pg 239 4430).It is almost as if Kant just substituted the phrase humanity with rational beings. When both excerpts are read in conjunction it becomes apparent that Kant includes human beings into his moral system not because of an arbitrary nepotism towards his own kind (homo sapiens) but because of a human beings attribute of rationalness. In other words, Kants criterion for moral considerability is intellect and not intelligence. When Kant says to treat humanity in such a way, he is referring to a humans rational nature, which happens to be the unique quality of human beings and is thus presented as rationalitys synonym.According to Kant, rationality is not the same as intelligence and is what makes human beings costy of moral consideration and animals unworthy. Rationality is the ability to be gove rned autonomously and make advised decisions of what is right and wrong. It is not the ability to introduction reasoning skills. Therefore, a being, such as a chimpanzee with excellent cognitive abilities, cannot exercise rationality, which is Kants basis for morality. Human beings, on the other hand, belong to a Kingdom of Ends, where moral laws are meticulously chosen by each individual.This capability to discern and choose which laws have absolute moral worth binds all human beings in a cohesive moral community. Each member of this community has the authority to legislate and decide which laws are unconditional and then subsequently act in accordance with those laws. non even the highest functioning chimpanzee has the capability to decide whether an action can be universally applied. Nor can a chimpanzee mull over the question what ought I do? . Thus it follows that a somebody only has obligations towards other beings that can obligate themselves, or act rationally.Kant chose r ationality as the marker that defines the line of required morality because of its pureness. Rational knowledge is not influenced by history, anthropology or psychology. It is not qualified by emotion. Other potential values, such as intelligence, have the possibility of being used immorally intuition and wit are doubtless in many respects good and desirable but they can also become extremely harmful if the willis not good (pg 231). Consequently, a beings rationality, the ability to decide whether an action is good universally, is the only incorruptible value that could define the scope of morality..Now that it is actualize that Kant is not guilty of speciesism, since his moral system is predicated on the standard of rationality, one can still learn how Kantian Ethics views animals. Kantian Ethics prescribes indirect duties towards animals. This means that it is wrong to act maliciously towards animals because it will damage a persons sympathies. Damaging ones sympathies will in evitability lead to a failure of ones duties to others. On the one hand, animals cannot be granted direct duties, for they lack rationality. Their moral value is categorized in a sort of limbo between inanimate objects and human beings.On a practical level, a Kantian might perform the same actions towards animals as a Utilitarian would. But Kantian Ethics is snarly for many philosophers, at least in theory. Christina Hoff offers an example where a kind man spends his life fulfilling his duties to himself and towards other human beings except he secretly burns stray dogs to death. Despite how disturbing and wrong this seems, Kantian ethics does not consider this man as having committed any wrongful action in and of itself. The suffering of the dogs is only problematic as it affects our duties to rational beings.It is difficult to challenge the Kantian view of animals on philosophical grounds. The Kantian moral system is consistent in that it is rooted in the assumption that rationa lity alone has absolute moral value. To challenge this assumption would involve dismantling Kants entire moral system by showing why rationality is inadequate as the supreme value. When Kant is concerned with damage our sympathies he is only concerned in so far as sympathies ability to promote rationality and the ability to fulfill ones duties. He does not award sympathy any independent value.Yet, to allow, even if just in theory, the scenario of the man burning dogs seems against common morality. To be indifferent to an animals suffering is intuitively immoral. An animal rights champion would be more likely do adopt a Utilitarian view, which incorporates suffering into the fabric of its moral system. IV. Consequently, Kant can evade attempts to label him guilty of speciesism. Kantian ethics does have a criterion that differentiates humans and non-humans. With rationality as its hallmark, Kantian Ethics views animals as deserving of only indirect moral considerability.As Christine Korsgaard explains in her essay Kantian Ethics and Our Duties to Animals, moral laws may be viewed as the laws legislated by all rational beings in the Kingdom of Ends (pg 5) Animals incidentally do not share this capacity for rationality. But if they did, they would surely be included. Interestingly, when referring to animals he ambiguously labels them as a human beings analogue. Perhaps Kant was identifying that animals have similar qualities such as intelligence that link us together. But animals are analogues and not exactly similar.As such, Kant grants animals some moral considerabilitiy, through indirect duties, but not equal moral considerability. A being earns moral considerability only through the capacity to implement the Categorical Imperative and exercise an autonomous level of cognition, not through reasoning skills or mathematical abilities. Therefore, animals rightfully have moral limitations. Works Cited 1)Ryder, Richard. Richard Ryder All Beings That smack Pain Des erve Human Rights World News The Guardian. Latest News, Sport and Comment from the Guardian The Guardian. Web. 27 Dec. 2011. 2)Kant, Immanuel, and H. J. Paton. Groundwork of the Metaphysic of Morals. New York Harper & Row, 1964. Print. 3)Sommers, Christina, Frederic Tamler Sommers. Vice and Virtue in Everyday Life. Belmont, CA Wadsworth, 2003. Print 4)Korsgaard, Christine M. buster Creatures Kantian Ethics and Our Duties to Animals. Www. Tannerlectures. utah. edu. University of Utah Press Volume 25/26. Web Authors ad hominem website 5)Sebo, Jeff. A Critique of the Kantian Theory of Indirect Moral Duties to Animals. Animal Liberation Philosophy and insurance policy Journal Volume II Pp. 1-14, 2004. Web.

Edgar Allan Poe Essay

The numerous different works of Edgar Allan Poe all(a) labor to do one thing. Strike fear into the heart of the reader. Simple, yet effective, he expresses fear through these many different themes and motifs. At full length, Poes stories all acquire a distinct theme or motif that moves the theme forward. Whether you know it or not, many of his stories rely on themes and motifs to make the story more(prenominal) appealing to the reader. Time, duality, and dreams all play key roles in Poes short stories.They descriptively provide all of the necessary information in order to mature the whole concept of fear. Without them, these stories wouldnt push you to the move on of your seat, wondering what is going to happen next. Time plays a major role in providing the story with the decisive data it needs to make the story frightening and perplexityful. It presents the story with a visual that makes the mood of the story transition into a very adverse setting. Dusk is probably the most common condemnation of casereal day in many of Poes stories.He chooses dusk because, during that time of day, it is very difficult to see. For example, in The evenfall of the House of template the vote counter begins to describe how it is very difficult to see while he is do his way towards his child hood friends mansion. When choosing the time of day that produces little or no light, Poe tries to make the setting as dark as possible. Light represents happiness and positivity, so Poe tries to eliminate anything that represents prosperity. By assembling negative forces, the story will generate fear into the reader.In The Tell-Tale Heart the narrator stalks his solicit for seven days, but on the eighth night the narrator commits the horrible deed. The number eight is utilise frequently with Poe and his stories in this case, it represents what day the narrator will kill the out of date man. With mask of the Red remainder, time represents life. It represents life because onc e a individual is infected with the red death the infected person has only 30 minutes to live. The ebony quantify also represents life, because after every hour the clock will ring, reminding the people that time is running out.This theme is very necessary for producing fear, because if Poe doesnt clarify what time of day it is, the story loses suspense. So its apparent that time is a key necessity in conveying fear into readers. The narrator often produces dreams themselves. Frequently, it presents a distortion of reality for the narrator and the reader. Dreams in Poes stories draw the line between reality and fantasy. Many unexplainable things would occur and the narrator would instantly have on it would be his imagination or that he would be dreaming.Providing dreams will make the reader build tenuity into whether or not these bizarre things are real or just images of the narrators eccentric imagination. In Masque of the Red Death, a huge party is thrown, to isolate the peopl e from the disease. In the party, the guests have a great time by dressing up and having a perfect time, until the ebony clock rings. at one time the clock rings, the party guests snap back into reality for a short moment. For that short moment, the reader realizes the scratchiness of the situation. That short moment of severity produces fear.During his trip to Redericks mansion in The Fall of the House of Usher, the narrator feels like the trip is a dream because the environment of the mansion is so surreal. Alcohol provides the narrator in The Black Cat with a distortion of reality, because after he hangs the black vomit, he comes crosswise a cat that is identical to the one he hangs after he leaves the bar. The narrator is completely shock by the resemblance to his previous cat. This similarity conveys fear into the reader, because you cant tell if its the homogeneous cat or a different one.The distortion of reality in dreams really help produce fear due to the doubtful event s that keep occurring. These events help generate fear and build up the suspense in the reader for a few moments. Duality in the characters conveys the most fear towards the reader. By having a dual persona, the character is able to build up that suspense by having a good side and a bad side. As an animal make dor, the narrator in The Black Cat would always love to take care of animals, until he becomes striked by the imp of the perverse which exposes his negative side.This negativity leads him to cleanup spot his cat and his wife. The insanity of having a dual persona helps transmit true fear into the reader. As a teenage caretaker, the narrator in The Tell-Tale Heart has nothing against the old man he is looking after the old man has done nothing wrong to deserve any negative treatment. During the day the narrator would go about his business taking care of the old man, until night came upon. At night, the narrator would be consumed by the old mans eye. His evil eye leads the n arrator to kill his wife and their pet.The duality in both of the these characters are very similar due to them being consumed by some object that leads them into killing their loved ones and pets. All of these themes help produce the backbone of Poes stories. Without these themes and motifs, these stories wouldnt be as nail-biting as they are today. These stories rely on the descriptiveness and the intensity of these themes to carry the suspense and to convey fear into the readers. Today, as people still learn about Poes stories, they will still be able to consume the fear that they read due to these themes and motifs.